Cargando…
Concealment of juvenile bull trout in response to temperature, light, and substrate: Implications for detection
Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) are challenging to detect as a result of the species cryptic behavior and coloration, relatively low densities in complex habitats, and affinity for cold, high clarity, low conductivity waters. Bull trout are also closely associated with the stream bed, frequently...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2020
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7473556/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32886676 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237716 |
_version_ | 1783579199740575744 |
---|---|
author | Thurow, Russell F. Peterson, James T. Chandler, Gwynne L. Moffitt, Christine M. Bjornn, Theodore C. |
author_facet | Thurow, Russell F. Peterson, James T. Chandler, Gwynne L. Moffitt, Christine M. Bjornn, Theodore C. |
author_sort | Thurow, Russell F. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) are challenging to detect as a result of the species cryptic behavior and coloration, relatively low densities in complex habitats, and affinity for cold, high clarity, low conductivity waters. Bull trout are also closely associated with the stream bed, frequently conceal in substrate, and this concealment behavior is poorly understood. Consequently, population assessments are problematic and biologists and managers often lack quantitative information to accurately describe bull trout distributions, estimate abundance, and assess status and trends; particularly for stream-dwelling populations. During controlled laboratory trials, we recorded concealment, resting, and swimming behavior of juvenile wild bull trout in response to: (1) constant and fluctuating water temperature, (2) presence or absence of light, and (3) substrate size. Light level had the strongest influence on wild fish concealment and more fish concealed as light levels increased from darkness to daylight. Wild fish were 14.5 times less likely to conceal in constant darkness and 4.1 times more likely to conceal in 12 h light x 12 h darkness compared to constant light. Wild fish were 6.2 times less likely to conceal in small (26–51 mm) substrate compared to larger (52–102 mm) substrate. As water temperature increased, fewer wild fish concealed. Knowledge of wild bull trout concealment will improve field sampling protocols and increase detection efficiencies. These data also enhance knowledge of bull trout niche requirements which illuminates ecological differences among species and informs conservation and restoration efforts. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7473556 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-74735562020-09-14 Concealment of juvenile bull trout in response to temperature, light, and substrate: Implications for detection Thurow, Russell F. Peterson, James T. Chandler, Gwynne L. Moffitt, Christine M. Bjornn, Theodore C. PLoS One Research Article Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) are challenging to detect as a result of the species cryptic behavior and coloration, relatively low densities in complex habitats, and affinity for cold, high clarity, low conductivity waters. Bull trout are also closely associated with the stream bed, frequently conceal in substrate, and this concealment behavior is poorly understood. Consequently, population assessments are problematic and biologists and managers often lack quantitative information to accurately describe bull trout distributions, estimate abundance, and assess status and trends; particularly for stream-dwelling populations. During controlled laboratory trials, we recorded concealment, resting, and swimming behavior of juvenile wild bull trout in response to: (1) constant and fluctuating water temperature, (2) presence or absence of light, and (3) substrate size. Light level had the strongest influence on wild fish concealment and more fish concealed as light levels increased from darkness to daylight. Wild fish were 14.5 times less likely to conceal in constant darkness and 4.1 times more likely to conceal in 12 h light x 12 h darkness compared to constant light. Wild fish were 6.2 times less likely to conceal in small (26–51 mm) substrate compared to larger (52–102 mm) substrate. As water temperature increased, fewer wild fish concealed. Knowledge of wild bull trout concealment will improve field sampling protocols and increase detection efficiencies. These data also enhance knowledge of bull trout niche requirements which illuminates ecological differences among species and informs conservation and restoration efforts. Public Library of Science 2020-09-04 /pmc/articles/PMC7473556/ /pubmed/32886676 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237716 Text en https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) public domain dedication. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Thurow, Russell F. Peterson, James T. Chandler, Gwynne L. Moffitt, Christine M. Bjornn, Theodore C. Concealment of juvenile bull trout in response to temperature, light, and substrate: Implications for detection |
title | Concealment of juvenile bull trout in response to temperature, light, and substrate: Implications for detection |
title_full | Concealment of juvenile bull trout in response to temperature, light, and substrate: Implications for detection |
title_fullStr | Concealment of juvenile bull trout in response to temperature, light, and substrate: Implications for detection |
title_full_unstemmed | Concealment of juvenile bull trout in response to temperature, light, and substrate: Implications for detection |
title_short | Concealment of juvenile bull trout in response to temperature, light, and substrate: Implications for detection |
title_sort | concealment of juvenile bull trout in response to temperature, light, and substrate: implications for detection |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7473556/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32886676 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237716 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT thurowrussellf concealmentofjuvenilebulltroutinresponsetotemperaturelightandsubstrateimplicationsfordetection AT petersonjamest concealmentofjuvenilebulltroutinresponsetotemperaturelightandsubstrateimplicationsfordetection AT chandlergwynnel concealmentofjuvenilebulltroutinresponsetotemperaturelightandsubstrateimplicationsfordetection AT moffittchristinem concealmentofjuvenilebulltroutinresponsetotemperaturelightandsubstrateimplicationsfordetection AT bjornntheodorec concealmentofjuvenilebulltroutinresponsetotemperaturelightandsubstrateimplicationsfordetection |