Managing systemic venous occlusions in children

Pediatric venous disease is increasing in incidence in both inpatient and outpatient populations. The widespread use of central venous access devices as well as the rising incidence of thromboembolic events in pediatrics is leading to more systemic venous occlusions in both the central and peripheral veins. This review focuses on the etiology, presentation, workup, and general technical considerations of recanalization as well as procedural complications related to pediatric systemic venous occlusive disease. The potential role for pediatric interventional radiology guided treatments will be discussed in detail.