Determination of phenol biodegradation pathways in three psychrotolerant yeasts, Candida subhashii A01(1), Candida oregonensis B02(1) and Schizoblastosporion starkeyi-henricii L01(2), isolated from Rucianka peatland

In this study, three psychrotolerant phenol-degrading yeast strains Candida subhashii (strain A01(1)), Candida oregonenis (strain B02(1)) and Schizoblastosporion starkeyi-henricii (strain L01(2)) isolated from Rucianka peatland were examined to determine which alternative metabolic pathway for phenol biodegradation is used by these microorganisms. All yeast strains were cultivated in minimal salt medium supplemented with phenol at 500, 750 and 1000 mg l(−1) concentration with two ways of conducting phenol biodegradation experiments: with and without the starving step of yeast cells. For studied yeast strains, no catechol 2,3-dioxygenase activities were detected by enzymatic assay and no products of catechol meta-cleavage in yeast cultures supernatants (GC–MS analysis), were detected. The detection of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase activity and the presence of cis,cis-muconic acid in the analyzed samples revealed that all studied psychrotolerant yeast strains were able to metabolize phenol via the ortho-cleavage pathway. Therefore, they may be tested in terms of their use to develop biotechnology for the production of cis,cis-muconic acid, a substrate used in the production of plastics (PET) and other valuable goods.