Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al/Steel Butt Joint by Hybrid CMT Welding with External Axial Magnetic Field

The 6061 aluminum alloy and 304 stainless steel were welded by hybrid cold metal transfer (CMT) welding with external axial magnetic field. The effects of magnetic intensity and frequency on joint microstructure and mechanical properties were studied. It was found that the magnetic field can promote the spreading of aluminum weld metal on the steel surface and thus increase the bonding area of Al/steel butt joint. The welding process stability improved, while the wetting behavior worsened with the introduction of alternating frequencies. The thickness of the intermetallic compound (IMC) layer at Al/steel interface was reduced to 3 μm with the coil current of 2 A. The application of the magnetic field promoted the aggregation of Si atoms at the interface and inhibited the formation of brittle (Al, Si)(13)Fe(4) phase. The fracture paths were transformed from (Al, Si)(13)Fe(4) layer to Al(8)Fe(2)Si layer with the application of the magnetic field. The maximum tensile strength reached 130.2 MPa, an increase of 61.6% in comparison to the normal CMT process.