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Visualizing mutagenic repair: novel insights into bacterial translesion synthesis

DNA repair is essential for cell survival. In all domains of life, error-prone and error-free repair pathways ensure maintenance of genome integrity under stress. Mutagenic, low-fidelity repair mechanisms help avoid potential lethality associated with unrepaired damage, thus making them important fo...

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Autores principales: Joseph, Asha Mary, Badrinarayanan, Anjana
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7476773/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32556198
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsre/fuaa023
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author Joseph, Asha Mary
Badrinarayanan, Anjana
author_facet Joseph, Asha Mary
Badrinarayanan, Anjana
author_sort Joseph, Asha Mary
collection PubMed
description DNA repair is essential for cell survival. In all domains of life, error-prone and error-free repair pathways ensure maintenance of genome integrity under stress. Mutagenic, low-fidelity repair mechanisms help avoid potential lethality associated with unrepaired damage, thus making them important for genome maintenance and, in some cases, the preferred mode of repair. However, cells carefully regulate pathway choice to restrict activity of these pathways to only certain conditions. One such repair mechanism is translesion synthesis (TLS), where a low-fidelity DNA polymerase is employed to synthesize across a lesion. In bacteria, TLS is a potent source of stress-induced mutagenesis, with potential implications in cellular adaptation as well as antibiotic resistance. Extensive genetic and biochemical studies, predominantly in Escherichia coli, have established a central role for TLS in bypassing bulky DNA lesions associated with ongoing replication, either at or behind the replication fork. More recently, imaging-based approaches have been applied to understand the molecular mechanisms of TLS and how its function is regulated. Together, these studies have highlighted replication-independent roles for TLS as well. In this review, we discuss the current status of research on bacterial TLS, with emphasis on recent insights gained mostly through microscopy at the single-cell and single-molecule level.
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spelling pubmed-74767732020-09-11 Visualizing mutagenic repair: novel insights into bacterial translesion synthesis Joseph, Asha Mary Badrinarayanan, Anjana FEMS Microbiol Rev Review Article DNA repair is essential for cell survival. In all domains of life, error-prone and error-free repair pathways ensure maintenance of genome integrity under stress. Mutagenic, low-fidelity repair mechanisms help avoid potential lethality associated with unrepaired damage, thus making them important for genome maintenance and, in some cases, the preferred mode of repair. However, cells carefully regulate pathway choice to restrict activity of these pathways to only certain conditions. One such repair mechanism is translesion synthesis (TLS), where a low-fidelity DNA polymerase is employed to synthesize across a lesion. In bacteria, TLS is a potent source of stress-induced mutagenesis, with potential implications in cellular adaptation as well as antibiotic resistance. Extensive genetic and biochemical studies, predominantly in Escherichia coli, have established a central role for TLS in bypassing bulky DNA lesions associated with ongoing replication, either at or behind the replication fork. More recently, imaging-based approaches have been applied to understand the molecular mechanisms of TLS and how its function is regulated. Together, these studies have highlighted replication-independent roles for TLS as well. In this review, we discuss the current status of research on bacterial TLS, with emphasis on recent insights gained mostly through microscopy at the single-cell and single-molecule level. Oxford University Press 2020-06-18 /pmc/articles/PMC7476773/ /pubmed/32556198 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsre/fuaa023 Text en © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of FEMS. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) ), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
spellingShingle Review Article
Joseph, Asha Mary
Badrinarayanan, Anjana
Visualizing mutagenic repair: novel insights into bacterial translesion synthesis
title Visualizing mutagenic repair: novel insights into bacterial translesion synthesis
title_full Visualizing mutagenic repair: novel insights into bacterial translesion synthesis
title_fullStr Visualizing mutagenic repair: novel insights into bacterial translesion synthesis
title_full_unstemmed Visualizing mutagenic repair: novel insights into bacterial translesion synthesis
title_short Visualizing mutagenic repair: novel insights into bacterial translesion synthesis
title_sort visualizing mutagenic repair: novel insights into bacterial translesion synthesis
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7476773/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32556198
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsre/fuaa023
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