Effectiveness of fingolimod in real-world relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis Italian patients: the GENIUS study

BACKGROUND: Fingolimod is the first oral agent approved for treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). We aimed to evaluate fingolimod effectiveness in a real-world sample of RRMS patients. METHODS: A retrospective, multicentre study in patients treated with fingolimod, whom clinical and radiological data were collected in the 2 years preceding and following the initiation of fingolimod. RESULTS: Out of 414 patients, 56.8% received prior first-line injectable disease-modifying therapies, 25.4% were previously treated with natalizumab, 1.2% with immunosuppressant agents, and 16.7% were treatment naive. The annualized relapse rate decreased by 65% in the first year and by 70% after two years of treatment. Age ≤ 40 years, ≥ 1 relapse in the 24 months before fingolimod initiation and previous treatment with natalizumab were risk factors for relapses. Overall, 67.9% patients had no evidence of disease activity (NEDA-3) after 1 year and 54.6% after 2 years of treatment. A higher proportion of naïve (81.2% in 1 year and 66.7% after 2 years) or first-line injected patients (70.2% and 56.6%) achieved NEDA-3 than those previously treated with natalizumab (54.3% and 42.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Fingolimod appeared to be effective in naive patients and after first-line treatment failure in reducing risk of relapse and disease activity throughout the 2-year follow-up. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s10072-020-04380-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.