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Virulence Pattern and Genomic Diversity of Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 Strains Isolated From Clinical and Environmental Sources in India
Vibrio cholerae is an autochthonous inhabitant of the aquatic environment. Several molecular methods have been used for typing V. cholerae strains, but there is no proper database for such scheme, including multilocus sequence typing (MLST) for V. cholerae O1 and O139 strains. We used 54 V. cholerae...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7479179/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32982995 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01838 |
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author | Kanampalliwar, Amol Singh, Durg Vijai |
author_facet | Kanampalliwar, Amol Singh, Durg Vijai |
author_sort | Kanampalliwar, Amol |
collection | PubMed |
description | Vibrio cholerae is an autochthonous inhabitant of the aquatic environment. Several molecular methods have been used for typing V. cholerae strains, but there is no proper database for such scheme, including multilocus sequence typing (MLST) for V. cholerae O1 and O139 strains. We used 54 V. cholerae O1 and three O139 strains isolated from clinical and environmental sources and regions of India during the time period of 1975–2015 to determine the presence of virulence genes and production of biofilm. We devised a MLST scheme and developed a database for typing V. cholerae strains. Also, we performed pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to see the genomic diversity among them and compared it with MLST. We used the MEGA 7.0 software for the alignment and comparison of different nucleotide sequences. The advanced cluster analysis was performed to define complexes. All strains of V. cholerae, except five strains, showed variation in phenotypic characteristics but carried virulence-associated genes indicating they belonged to the El Tor/hybrid/O139 variants. MLST analysis showed 455 sequences types among V. cholerae strains, irrespective of sources and places of isolation. With these findings, we set up an MLST database on PubMLST.org using the BIGSdb software for V. cholerae O1 and O139 strains, which is available at https://pubmlst.org/vcholerae/ under the O1/O139 scheme. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) fingerprint showed six fingerprint patterns namely E, F, G, H, I, and J clusters among 33 strains including strain N16961 carrying El Tor ctxB of which cluster J representing O139 strain was entirely different from other El Tor strains. Twenty strains carrying Haitian ctxB showed a fingerprint pattern classified as cluster A. Of the five strains, four carrying classical ctxB comprising two each of El Tor and O139 strains and one El Tor strain carrying Haitian ctxB clustered together under cluster B along with V. cholerae 569B showing pattern D. This study thus indicates that V. cholerae strains are undergoing continuous genetic changes leading to the emergence of new strains. The MLST scheme was found more appropriate compared to PFGE that can be used to determine the genomic diversity and population structure of V. cholerae. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7479179 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-74791792020-09-26 Virulence Pattern and Genomic Diversity of Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 Strains Isolated From Clinical and Environmental Sources in India Kanampalliwar, Amol Singh, Durg Vijai Front Microbiol Microbiology Vibrio cholerae is an autochthonous inhabitant of the aquatic environment. Several molecular methods have been used for typing V. cholerae strains, but there is no proper database for such scheme, including multilocus sequence typing (MLST) for V. cholerae O1 and O139 strains. We used 54 V. cholerae O1 and three O139 strains isolated from clinical and environmental sources and regions of India during the time period of 1975–2015 to determine the presence of virulence genes and production of biofilm. We devised a MLST scheme and developed a database for typing V. cholerae strains. Also, we performed pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to see the genomic diversity among them and compared it with MLST. We used the MEGA 7.0 software for the alignment and comparison of different nucleotide sequences. The advanced cluster analysis was performed to define complexes. All strains of V. cholerae, except five strains, showed variation in phenotypic characteristics but carried virulence-associated genes indicating they belonged to the El Tor/hybrid/O139 variants. MLST analysis showed 455 sequences types among V. cholerae strains, irrespective of sources and places of isolation. With these findings, we set up an MLST database on PubMLST.org using the BIGSdb software for V. cholerae O1 and O139 strains, which is available at https://pubmlst.org/vcholerae/ under the O1/O139 scheme. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) fingerprint showed six fingerprint patterns namely E, F, G, H, I, and J clusters among 33 strains including strain N16961 carrying El Tor ctxB of which cluster J representing O139 strain was entirely different from other El Tor strains. Twenty strains carrying Haitian ctxB showed a fingerprint pattern classified as cluster A. Of the five strains, four carrying classical ctxB comprising two each of El Tor and O139 strains and one El Tor strain carrying Haitian ctxB clustered together under cluster B along with V. cholerae 569B showing pattern D. This study thus indicates that V. cholerae strains are undergoing continuous genetic changes leading to the emergence of new strains. The MLST scheme was found more appropriate compared to PFGE that can be used to determine the genomic diversity and population structure of V. cholerae. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-08-26 /pmc/articles/PMC7479179/ /pubmed/32982995 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01838 Text en Copyright © 2020 Kanampalliwar and Singh. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Microbiology Kanampalliwar, Amol Singh, Durg Vijai Virulence Pattern and Genomic Diversity of Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 Strains Isolated From Clinical and Environmental Sources in India |
title | Virulence Pattern and Genomic Diversity of Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 Strains Isolated From Clinical and Environmental Sources in India |
title_full | Virulence Pattern and Genomic Diversity of Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 Strains Isolated From Clinical and Environmental Sources in India |
title_fullStr | Virulence Pattern and Genomic Diversity of Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 Strains Isolated From Clinical and Environmental Sources in India |
title_full_unstemmed | Virulence Pattern and Genomic Diversity of Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 Strains Isolated From Clinical and Environmental Sources in India |
title_short | Virulence Pattern and Genomic Diversity of Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 Strains Isolated From Clinical and Environmental Sources in India |
title_sort | virulence pattern and genomic diversity of vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 strains isolated from clinical and environmental sources in india |
topic | Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7479179/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32982995 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01838 |
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