Genomic characteristics in Chinese non-small cell lung cancer patients and its value in prediction of postoperative prognosis

BACKGROUND: The genomic profile of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Asians is distinct from that of Caucasians, but comprehensive genetic profiling reports have been limited for Asian patients. We aimed to elucidate genomic characteristics of Chinese NSCLC patients and develop potential model including genomic characteristics to predict postoperative prognosis. METHODS: Resected tumor samples from 511 patients with stage I–IV lung cancer were subjected to targeted sequencing using a panel of 295 cancer-related genes. Based on the molecular profiles and clinical features, we established nomogram models with predictors consisting of integrated clinical and genomic characteristics to provide post-operative risk stratification. RESULTS: Compared to the TCGA population (mainly Caucasians), there was a significantly higher frequency of EGFR (53.7% vs. 14.4%) and NOTCH3 (8.4% vs. 1.3%) mutations and less mutated KRAS (11.0% vs. 32.6%), KEAP1 (4.4% vs. 17.4%) and LRP1B (16.3% vs. 29.6%) in Chinese lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD). Distinct patterns of mutually exclusive and co-occurring mutations were identified between LUAD and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), indicating the unique histology-specific tumorigenesis mechanism of each subtype. We observed alterations in pathways correlated with clinical characteristics. Additionally, we constructed nomogram model with predictors consisting of clinical and genomic characteristics, which were more accurate than models with clinical characteristics or TNM staging only both in stage I–IIIA patients and T1-2N0M0 sub-cohort. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed Chinese NSCLC patients have unique genomic profile. Furthermore, the nomogram model combining clinical features with genomic characteristics could improve risk stratification in early-stage NSCLC.