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Opium Alkaloids in Harvested and Thermally Processed Poppy Seeds

The opium alkaloids (morphine, codeine, thebaine, noscapine, and papaverine) have been detected on poppy seeds; they are widely used by the food industry for decoration and flavor but can introduce opium alkaloids into the food chain. Of the opium alkaloids found on poppy seeds, morphine, and codein...

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Autores principales: Carlin, Michelle G., Dean, John R., Ames, Jennifer M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7482649/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33195013
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2020.00737
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author Carlin, Michelle G.
Dean, John R.
Ames, Jennifer M.
author_facet Carlin, Michelle G.
Dean, John R.
Ames, Jennifer M.
author_sort Carlin, Michelle G.
collection PubMed
description The opium alkaloids (morphine, codeine, thebaine, noscapine, and papaverine) have been detected on poppy seeds; they are widely used by the food industry for decoration and flavor but can introduce opium alkaloids into the food chain. Of the opium alkaloids found on poppy seeds, morphine, and codeine are the most pharmacologically active and have been detected in biological matrices collected in workplace and roadside drug testing resulting in positive opiate results. The European Food Safety Authority introduced an acute reference dose of 10 μg morphine/kg of body weight as a safe level for morphine in food products. In this work, it was found that in harvested poppy seeds, and thermally processed poppy seeds (with and without a food matrix), if used in normal levels would not exceed the recommended acute reference dose. It was also shown that the levels of all alkaloids reduce when thermally processed, in comparison with harvested, untreated seeds.
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spelling pubmed-74826492020-11-12 Opium Alkaloids in Harvested and Thermally Processed Poppy Seeds Carlin, Michelle G. Dean, John R. Ames, Jennifer M. Front Chem Chemistry The opium alkaloids (morphine, codeine, thebaine, noscapine, and papaverine) have been detected on poppy seeds; they are widely used by the food industry for decoration and flavor but can introduce opium alkaloids into the food chain. Of the opium alkaloids found on poppy seeds, morphine, and codeine are the most pharmacologically active and have been detected in biological matrices collected in workplace and roadside drug testing resulting in positive opiate results. The European Food Safety Authority introduced an acute reference dose of 10 μg morphine/kg of body weight as a safe level for morphine in food products. In this work, it was found that in harvested poppy seeds, and thermally processed poppy seeds (with and without a food matrix), if used in normal levels would not exceed the recommended acute reference dose. It was also shown that the levels of all alkaloids reduce when thermally processed, in comparison with harvested, untreated seeds. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-08-27 /pmc/articles/PMC7482649/ /pubmed/33195013 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2020.00737 Text en Copyright © 2020 Carlin, Dean and Ames. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Chemistry
Carlin, Michelle G.
Dean, John R.
Ames, Jennifer M.
Opium Alkaloids in Harvested and Thermally Processed Poppy Seeds
title Opium Alkaloids in Harvested and Thermally Processed Poppy Seeds
title_full Opium Alkaloids in Harvested and Thermally Processed Poppy Seeds
title_fullStr Opium Alkaloids in Harvested and Thermally Processed Poppy Seeds
title_full_unstemmed Opium Alkaloids in Harvested and Thermally Processed Poppy Seeds
title_short Opium Alkaloids in Harvested and Thermally Processed Poppy Seeds
title_sort opium alkaloids in harvested and thermally processed poppy seeds
topic Chemistry
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7482649/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33195013
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2020.00737
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