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Earthquake damage as a catalyst to abandonment of a Middle Bronze Age settlement: Tel Kabri, Israel
For years there has been much speculation surrounding the abandonment of the Middle Bronze Age IIB palace of Tel Kabri, ca. 1700 BCE. There are no weapons, hoards of money and jewelry, or visible evidence for fire, which rules out hostile attack or conquest. There are also no indications of drought...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7485796/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32915909 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239079 |
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author | Lazar, Michael Cline, Eric H. Nickelsberg, Roey Shahack-Gross, Ruth Yasur-Landau, Assaf |
author_facet | Lazar, Michael Cline, Eric H. Nickelsberg, Roey Shahack-Gross, Ruth Yasur-Landau, Assaf |
author_sort | Lazar, Michael |
collection | PubMed |
description | For years there has been much speculation surrounding the abandonment of the Middle Bronze Age IIB palace of Tel Kabri, ca. 1700 BCE. There are no weapons, hoards of money and jewelry, or visible evidence for fire, which rules out hostile attack or conquest. There are also no indications of drought or environmental degradation that might have forced the inhabitants to vacate the site, nor mass graveyards to indicate a pandemic. The current study uses micro-geoarchaeological methods to show that the demise of the palace was rapid, with walls and ceilings collapsing at once prior to abandonment. Macroscopic data (stratigraphic and structural) from five excavation seasons were reexamined, showing that at least nine Potential Earthquake Archaeological Effects (PEAEs) are found and associated with the last occupation phase of the site’s palace. All lines of evidence point to the possibility that an earthquake damaged the palace, possibly to a point where it was no longer economically viable to repair. This conclusion is compounded by the discovery of a 1–3 m wide trench that cuts through the palace for 30 m, which may be the result of ground shaking or liquefaction caused by an earthquake. This study shows the importance of combining macro- and micro-archaeological methods for the identification of ancient earthquakes, together with the need to evaluate alternative scenarios of climatic, environmental, and economic collapse, as well as human-induced destruction before a seismic event scenario can be proposed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7485796 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-74857962020-09-21 Earthquake damage as a catalyst to abandonment of a Middle Bronze Age settlement: Tel Kabri, Israel Lazar, Michael Cline, Eric H. Nickelsberg, Roey Shahack-Gross, Ruth Yasur-Landau, Assaf PLoS One Research Article For years there has been much speculation surrounding the abandonment of the Middle Bronze Age IIB palace of Tel Kabri, ca. 1700 BCE. There are no weapons, hoards of money and jewelry, or visible evidence for fire, which rules out hostile attack or conquest. There are also no indications of drought or environmental degradation that might have forced the inhabitants to vacate the site, nor mass graveyards to indicate a pandemic. The current study uses micro-geoarchaeological methods to show that the demise of the palace was rapid, with walls and ceilings collapsing at once prior to abandonment. Macroscopic data (stratigraphic and structural) from five excavation seasons were reexamined, showing that at least nine Potential Earthquake Archaeological Effects (PEAEs) are found and associated with the last occupation phase of the site’s palace. All lines of evidence point to the possibility that an earthquake damaged the palace, possibly to a point where it was no longer economically viable to repair. This conclusion is compounded by the discovery of a 1–3 m wide trench that cuts through the palace for 30 m, which may be the result of ground shaking or liquefaction caused by an earthquake. This study shows the importance of combining macro- and micro-archaeological methods for the identification of ancient earthquakes, together with the need to evaluate alternative scenarios of climatic, environmental, and economic collapse, as well as human-induced destruction before a seismic event scenario can be proposed. Public Library of Science 2020-09-11 /pmc/articles/PMC7485796/ /pubmed/32915909 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239079 Text en © 2020 Lazar et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Lazar, Michael Cline, Eric H. Nickelsberg, Roey Shahack-Gross, Ruth Yasur-Landau, Assaf Earthquake damage as a catalyst to abandonment of a Middle Bronze Age settlement: Tel Kabri, Israel |
title | Earthquake damage as a catalyst to abandonment of a Middle Bronze Age settlement: Tel Kabri, Israel |
title_full | Earthquake damage as a catalyst to abandonment of a Middle Bronze Age settlement: Tel Kabri, Israel |
title_fullStr | Earthquake damage as a catalyst to abandonment of a Middle Bronze Age settlement: Tel Kabri, Israel |
title_full_unstemmed | Earthquake damage as a catalyst to abandonment of a Middle Bronze Age settlement: Tel Kabri, Israel |
title_short | Earthquake damage as a catalyst to abandonment of a Middle Bronze Age settlement: Tel Kabri, Israel |
title_sort | earthquake damage as a catalyst to abandonment of a middle bronze age settlement: tel kabri, israel |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7485796/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32915909 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239079 |
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