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Could smart research ensure healthy people in disrupted cities?

BACKGROUND: Since the late 19th century, city planners have struggled to cope with new types of urban transport and mobility that threatened the existing system, or even rendered it obsolete. PURPOSE: As city planners confront the range of disruptive urban mobilities currently on the horizon, this p...

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Autores principales: Giles-Corti, Billie, Zapata-Diomedi, Belen, Jafari, Afshin, Both, Alan, Gunn, Lucy
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier Ltd. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7486283/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32953454
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2020.100931
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author Giles-Corti, Billie
Zapata-Diomedi, Belen
Jafari, Afshin
Both, Alan
Gunn, Lucy
author_facet Giles-Corti, Billie
Zapata-Diomedi, Belen
Jafari, Afshin
Both, Alan
Gunn, Lucy
author_sort Giles-Corti, Billie
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Since the late 19th century, city planners have struggled to cope with new types of urban transport and mobility that threatened the existing system, or even rendered it obsolete. PURPOSE: As city planners confront the range of disruptive urban mobilities currently on the horizon, this paper explores how we can draw on a vast body of evidence to anticipate and avoid unintended consequences to people's health and wellbeing. METHODS: This commentary involved a rapid review of the literature on transport disruption. RESULTS: We found that to avoid the unintended consequences of disruption, research, policy and practice must think beyond single issues (such as the risk of chronic disease, injury, or traffic management) and consider the broader consequences of interventions. For example, although autonomous vehicles will probably reduce road trauma, what will be the negative consequences for physical inactivity, sedentary behavior, chronic disease, land use, traffic congestion and commuting patterns? Research is needed that considers and informs how to mitigate the range of potential harms caused by disruptive mobilities. CONCLUSION: In the face of new disruptive mobilities, we must: (a) draw on existing evidence to shape new regulations that address the ‘who, when and where’ rules of introducing new mobilities (such as electric assisted bicycles (e-bikes) and scooters (e-scooters)) of which the health repercussions can be easily anticipated; (b) monitor and evaluate the implementation of any interventions through natural experiment studies; and (c) use innovative research methods (such as agent-based simulation and health-impact-assessment modelling) to assess the likely effects of emerging disruptive mobilities (e.g., autonomous vehicles) on health and wellbeing and on the environment.
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spelling pubmed-74862832020-09-14 Could smart research ensure healthy people in disrupted cities? Giles-Corti, Billie Zapata-Diomedi, Belen Jafari, Afshin Both, Alan Gunn, Lucy J Transp Health Article BACKGROUND: Since the late 19th century, city planners have struggled to cope with new types of urban transport and mobility that threatened the existing system, or even rendered it obsolete. PURPOSE: As city planners confront the range of disruptive urban mobilities currently on the horizon, this paper explores how we can draw on a vast body of evidence to anticipate and avoid unintended consequences to people's health and wellbeing. METHODS: This commentary involved a rapid review of the literature on transport disruption. RESULTS: We found that to avoid the unintended consequences of disruption, research, policy and practice must think beyond single issues (such as the risk of chronic disease, injury, or traffic management) and consider the broader consequences of interventions. For example, although autonomous vehicles will probably reduce road trauma, what will be the negative consequences for physical inactivity, sedentary behavior, chronic disease, land use, traffic congestion and commuting patterns? Research is needed that considers and informs how to mitigate the range of potential harms caused by disruptive mobilities. CONCLUSION: In the face of new disruptive mobilities, we must: (a) draw on existing evidence to shape new regulations that address the ‘who, when and where’ rules of introducing new mobilities (such as electric assisted bicycles (e-bikes) and scooters (e-scooters)) of which the health repercussions can be easily anticipated; (b) monitor and evaluate the implementation of any interventions through natural experiment studies; and (c) use innovative research methods (such as agent-based simulation and health-impact-assessment modelling) to assess the likely effects of emerging disruptive mobilities (e.g., autonomous vehicles) on health and wellbeing and on the environment. Elsevier Ltd. 2020-12 2020-09-12 /pmc/articles/PMC7486283/ /pubmed/32953454 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2020.100931 Text en © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
spellingShingle Article
Giles-Corti, Billie
Zapata-Diomedi, Belen
Jafari, Afshin
Both, Alan
Gunn, Lucy
Could smart research ensure healthy people in disrupted cities?
title Could smart research ensure healthy people in disrupted cities?
title_full Could smart research ensure healthy people in disrupted cities?
title_fullStr Could smart research ensure healthy people in disrupted cities?
title_full_unstemmed Could smart research ensure healthy people in disrupted cities?
title_short Could smart research ensure healthy people in disrupted cities?
title_sort could smart research ensure healthy people in disrupted cities?
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7486283/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32953454
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2020.100931
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