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Anatomy, Flow Cytometry, and X-Ray Tomography Reveal Tissue Organization and Ploidy Distribution in Long-Term In Vitro Cultures of Melocactus Species

Cacti have a highly specialized stem that enables survival during extended dry periods. Despite the ornamental value of cacti and the fact that stems represent the main source of explants in tissue culture, there are no studies on their morpho-anatomical and cytological characteristics in Melocactus...

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Autores principales: Torres-Silva, Gabriela, Matos, Elyabe Monteiro, Correia, Ludmila Freitas, Fortini, Evandro Alexandre, Soares, Wellington Santos, Batista, Diego Silva, Otoni, Caio Gomide, Azevedo, Aristéa Alves, Viccini, Lyderson Facio, Koehler, Andréa Dias, Resende, Sheila Vitória, Specht, Chelsea Dvorak, Otoni, Wagner Campos
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7488924/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32983203
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.01314
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author Torres-Silva, Gabriela
Matos, Elyabe Monteiro
Correia, Ludmila Freitas
Fortini, Evandro Alexandre
Soares, Wellington Santos
Batista, Diego Silva
Otoni, Caio Gomide
Azevedo, Aristéa Alves
Viccini, Lyderson Facio
Koehler, Andréa Dias
Resende, Sheila Vitória
Specht, Chelsea Dvorak
Otoni, Wagner Campos
author_facet Torres-Silva, Gabriela
Matos, Elyabe Monteiro
Correia, Ludmila Freitas
Fortini, Evandro Alexandre
Soares, Wellington Santos
Batista, Diego Silva
Otoni, Caio Gomide
Azevedo, Aristéa Alves
Viccini, Lyderson Facio
Koehler, Andréa Dias
Resende, Sheila Vitória
Specht, Chelsea Dvorak
Otoni, Wagner Campos
author_sort Torres-Silva, Gabriela
collection PubMed
description Cacti have a highly specialized stem that enables survival during extended dry periods. Despite the ornamental value of cacti and the fact that stems represent the main source of explants in tissue culture, there are no studies on their morpho-anatomical and cytological characteristics in Melocactus. The present study seeks to address the occurrence of cells with mixed ploidy level in cacti tissues. Specifically, we aim to understand how Melocactus stem tissue is organized, how mixoploidy is distributed when present, and whether detected patterns of ploidy change after long periods of in vitro culture. To analyze tissue organization, Melocactus glaucescens and Melocactus paucispinus plants that had been germinated and cultivated in vitro were analyzed for stem structure using toluidine blue, Xylidine Ponceau, Periodic Acid Schiff, ruthenium red, and acid floroglucin. To investigate patterns of ploidy, apical, medial, and basal zones of the stem, as well as, periphery, cortex, and stele (vascular tissue and pith) regions of the stem and root apexes from four- and ten-year old cultured in vitro were analyzed by flow cytometry. X-ray micro-computed tomography (XRµCT) was performed with fragments of stems from both species. The scarcity of support elements (i.e., sclereids and fibers) indicates that epidermis, hypodermis, and wide-band tracheids present in cortical vascular bundles and stele, as well as water stored in aquifer parenchyma cells along the cortex, provide mechanical support to the stem. Parenchyma cells increase in volume with a four-fold increase in ploidy. M. glaucescens and M. paucispinus exhibit the same pattern of cell ploidy irrespective of topophysical region or age, but there is a marked difference in ploidy between the stem periphery (epidermis and hypodermis), cortex, stele, and roots. Mixoploidy in Melocactus is not related to the age of the culture, but is a developmental trait, whereby endocycles promote cell differentiation to accumulate valuable water.
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spelling pubmed-74889242020-09-25 Anatomy, Flow Cytometry, and X-Ray Tomography Reveal Tissue Organization and Ploidy Distribution in Long-Term In Vitro Cultures of Melocactus Species Torres-Silva, Gabriela Matos, Elyabe Monteiro Correia, Ludmila Freitas Fortini, Evandro Alexandre Soares, Wellington Santos Batista, Diego Silva Otoni, Caio Gomide Azevedo, Aristéa Alves Viccini, Lyderson Facio Koehler, Andréa Dias Resende, Sheila Vitória Specht, Chelsea Dvorak Otoni, Wagner Campos Front Plant Sci Plant Science Cacti have a highly specialized stem that enables survival during extended dry periods. Despite the ornamental value of cacti and the fact that stems represent the main source of explants in tissue culture, there are no studies on their morpho-anatomical and cytological characteristics in Melocactus. The present study seeks to address the occurrence of cells with mixed ploidy level in cacti tissues. Specifically, we aim to understand how Melocactus stem tissue is organized, how mixoploidy is distributed when present, and whether detected patterns of ploidy change after long periods of in vitro culture. To analyze tissue organization, Melocactus glaucescens and Melocactus paucispinus plants that had been germinated and cultivated in vitro were analyzed for stem structure using toluidine blue, Xylidine Ponceau, Periodic Acid Schiff, ruthenium red, and acid floroglucin. To investigate patterns of ploidy, apical, medial, and basal zones of the stem, as well as, periphery, cortex, and stele (vascular tissue and pith) regions of the stem and root apexes from four- and ten-year old cultured in vitro were analyzed by flow cytometry. X-ray micro-computed tomography (XRµCT) was performed with fragments of stems from both species. The scarcity of support elements (i.e., sclereids and fibers) indicates that epidermis, hypodermis, and wide-band tracheids present in cortical vascular bundles and stele, as well as water stored in aquifer parenchyma cells along the cortex, provide mechanical support to the stem. Parenchyma cells increase in volume with a four-fold increase in ploidy. M. glaucescens and M. paucispinus exhibit the same pattern of cell ploidy irrespective of topophysical region or age, but there is a marked difference in ploidy between the stem periphery (epidermis and hypodermis), cortex, stele, and roots. Mixoploidy in Melocactus is not related to the age of the culture, but is a developmental trait, whereby endocycles promote cell differentiation to accumulate valuable water. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-08-31 /pmc/articles/PMC7488924/ /pubmed/32983203 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.01314 Text en Copyright © 2020 Torres-Silva, Matos, Correia, Fortini, Soares, Batista, Otoni, Azevedo, Viccini, Koehler, Resende, Specht and Otoni http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Torres-Silva, Gabriela
Matos, Elyabe Monteiro
Correia, Ludmila Freitas
Fortini, Evandro Alexandre
Soares, Wellington Santos
Batista, Diego Silva
Otoni, Caio Gomide
Azevedo, Aristéa Alves
Viccini, Lyderson Facio
Koehler, Andréa Dias
Resende, Sheila Vitória
Specht, Chelsea Dvorak
Otoni, Wagner Campos
Anatomy, Flow Cytometry, and X-Ray Tomography Reveal Tissue Organization and Ploidy Distribution in Long-Term In Vitro Cultures of Melocactus Species
title Anatomy, Flow Cytometry, and X-Ray Tomography Reveal Tissue Organization and Ploidy Distribution in Long-Term In Vitro Cultures of Melocactus Species
title_full Anatomy, Flow Cytometry, and X-Ray Tomography Reveal Tissue Organization and Ploidy Distribution in Long-Term In Vitro Cultures of Melocactus Species
title_fullStr Anatomy, Flow Cytometry, and X-Ray Tomography Reveal Tissue Organization and Ploidy Distribution in Long-Term In Vitro Cultures of Melocactus Species
title_full_unstemmed Anatomy, Flow Cytometry, and X-Ray Tomography Reveal Tissue Organization and Ploidy Distribution in Long-Term In Vitro Cultures of Melocactus Species
title_short Anatomy, Flow Cytometry, and X-Ray Tomography Reveal Tissue Organization and Ploidy Distribution in Long-Term In Vitro Cultures of Melocactus Species
title_sort anatomy, flow cytometry, and x-ray tomography reveal tissue organization and ploidy distribution in long-term in vitro cultures of melocactus species
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7488924/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32983203
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.01314
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