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Nutritional Status and Symptoms in Preschool Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Two-Center Comparative Study in Chongqing and Hainan Province, China

Objective: The study aimed to compare the nutritional status and symptoms of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from two regions of China, and to analyze the association between nutritional status and symptoms of ASD. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 738 ASD children and 3...

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Autores principales: Zhu, Jiang, Guo, Min, Yang, Ting, Lai, Xi, Tang, Ting, Chen, Jie, Li, Ling, Li, Tingyu
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7494825/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33014918
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2020.00469
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author Zhu, Jiang
Guo, Min
Yang, Ting
Lai, Xi
Tang, Ting
Chen, Jie
Li, Ling
Li, Tingyu
author_facet Zhu, Jiang
Guo, Min
Yang, Ting
Lai, Xi
Tang, Ting
Chen, Jie
Li, Ling
Li, Tingyu
author_sort Zhu, Jiang
collection PubMed
description Objective: The study aimed to compare the nutritional status and symptoms of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from two regions of China, and to analyze the association between nutritional status and symptoms of ASD. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 738 ASD children and 302 typically developing children (TD) were recruited from Chongqing and Hainan of China. Symptoms of ASD children were evaluated with the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), and Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Neurodevelopment of ASD children was assessed with the Gesell Developmental Scale (GDS). Nutritional status was evaluated by anthropometric measures, biochemical detection of micronutrients, and providing questionnaire and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to caregivers. Results: Comparing ASD children with local TD children, ASD children consumed fewer whole grains, milk and dairy products, beans and soy products, vegetables, and fruits than local TD children in both regions. The serum concentrations of folate, vitamin B12 (VB12), and vitamin D (VD) were consistently lower in ASD children in both regions. Comparing the ASD children between the two regions, the ASD children in Chongqing had significantly higher mean scores of CARS, SRS, and ABC than those in Hainan. The ASD children in Chongqing consumed fewer whole grains, seafood, and fruits than those in Hainan. The serum concentrations of ferritin, vitamin A (VA), VB12, and VD were reduced in the ASD children of Chongqing than those in Hainan, and the ASD children in Chongqing had higher deficiency rates of zinc, ferritin, VA, and VD than those in Hainan. The serum levels of VA, VD, and folate showed a negative association with symptom scores of ASD children. VD and zinc levels had a positive association with the GDS scores of ASD children. Conclusions: ASD children exhibit a higher risk of nutrient deficiencies than neurotypical children, and there are regional differences in the nutritional status of ASD children. Micronutrients VA, VD, folate, and zinc levels were correlated with symptoms and development of ASD children. Therefore, it is essential to provide detailed nutrition evaluation and individualized nutrition interventions for ASD children from different backgrounds.
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spelling pubmed-74948252020-10-02 Nutritional Status and Symptoms in Preschool Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Two-Center Comparative Study in Chongqing and Hainan Province, China Zhu, Jiang Guo, Min Yang, Ting Lai, Xi Tang, Ting Chen, Jie Li, Ling Li, Tingyu Front Pediatr Pediatrics Objective: The study aimed to compare the nutritional status and symptoms of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from two regions of China, and to analyze the association between nutritional status and symptoms of ASD. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 738 ASD children and 302 typically developing children (TD) were recruited from Chongqing and Hainan of China. Symptoms of ASD children were evaluated with the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), and Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Neurodevelopment of ASD children was assessed with the Gesell Developmental Scale (GDS). Nutritional status was evaluated by anthropometric measures, biochemical detection of micronutrients, and providing questionnaire and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to caregivers. Results: Comparing ASD children with local TD children, ASD children consumed fewer whole grains, milk and dairy products, beans and soy products, vegetables, and fruits than local TD children in both regions. The serum concentrations of folate, vitamin B12 (VB12), and vitamin D (VD) were consistently lower in ASD children in both regions. Comparing the ASD children between the two regions, the ASD children in Chongqing had significantly higher mean scores of CARS, SRS, and ABC than those in Hainan. The ASD children in Chongqing consumed fewer whole grains, seafood, and fruits than those in Hainan. The serum concentrations of ferritin, vitamin A (VA), VB12, and VD were reduced in the ASD children of Chongqing than those in Hainan, and the ASD children in Chongqing had higher deficiency rates of zinc, ferritin, VA, and VD than those in Hainan. The serum levels of VA, VD, and folate showed a negative association with symptom scores of ASD children. VD and zinc levels had a positive association with the GDS scores of ASD children. Conclusions: ASD children exhibit a higher risk of nutrient deficiencies than neurotypical children, and there are regional differences in the nutritional status of ASD children. Micronutrients VA, VD, folate, and zinc levels were correlated with symptoms and development of ASD children. Therefore, it is essential to provide detailed nutrition evaluation and individualized nutrition interventions for ASD children from different backgrounds. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-09-03 /pmc/articles/PMC7494825/ /pubmed/33014918 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2020.00469 Text en Copyright © 2020 Zhu, Guo, Yang, Lai, Tang, Chen, Li and Li. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Pediatrics
Zhu, Jiang
Guo, Min
Yang, Ting
Lai, Xi
Tang, Ting
Chen, Jie
Li, Ling
Li, Tingyu
Nutritional Status and Symptoms in Preschool Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Two-Center Comparative Study in Chongqing and Hainan Province, China
title Nutritional Status and Symptoms in Preschool Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Two-Center Comparative Study in Chongqing and Hainan Province, China
title_full Nutritional Status and Symptoms in Preschool Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Two-Center Comparative Study in Chongqing and Hainan Province, China
title_fullStr Nutritional Status and Symptoms in Preschool Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Two-Center Comparative Study in Chongqing and Hainan Province, China
title_full_unstemmed Nutritional Status and Symptoms in Preschool Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Two-Center Comparative Study in Chongqing and Hainan Province, China
title_short Nutritional Status and Symptoms in Preschool Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Two-Center Comparative Study in Chongqing and Hainan Province, China
title_sort nutritional status and symptoms in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder: a two-center comparative study in chongqing and hainan province, china
topic Pediatrics
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7494825/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33014918
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2020.00469
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