Cargando…

Difference Between Intentional and Reactive Movement in Side-Steps: Patterns of Temporal Structure and Force Exertion

Intentional and reactive movements are dissimilar in terms of execution time. Previous studies reported that reactive movements are faster than intentional movements (“Bohr’s law” or “Gunslinger effect”), however, these studies focused only on hand-reaching tasks, such as pressing buttons. No studie...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Wakatsuki, Tsubasa, Yamada, Norimasa
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7495094/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33013564
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02186
_version_ 1783582865814978560
author Wakatsuki, Tsubasa
Yamada, Norimasa
author_facet Wakatsuki, Tsubasa
Yamada, Norimasa
author_sort Wakatsuki, Tsubasa
collection PubMed
description Intentional and reactive movements are dissimilar in terms of execution time. Previous studies reported that reactive movements are faster than intentional movements (“Bohr’s law” or “Gunslinger effect”), however, these studies focused only on hand-reaching tasks, such as pressing buttons. No studies assessed whole-body movements involving movement of the center of mass (CoM). This movement is characterized by many degrees of freedom because it involves many joints and requires more force than the hand-reaching movement. In this study, we determined the differences in the patterns of temporal structure and force exertion to elucidate the mechanism of “Bohr’s law” in whole-body movement involving movement of the CoM. Ten participants performed a sidestepping task, which requires at least two steps: (1) an intentional movement, in which the movement started with the participants’ own timing; and (2) a reactive movement, in which the movement started the moment a light-emitting diode bulb in front of the participants lit up. We collected data on the ground reaction forces and coordinates of 20 body points. The time of movement onset was calculated and defined based on the ground reaction force, which has the earliest onset compared with velocity and position. The execution time was significantly shorter in the reactive movement condition than in the intentional movement condition (772 vs. 715 ms, p = 2.9 × 10(–4)). We confirmed that Bohr’s law was applicable not only in hand-reaching tasks but also in whole-body movement. Moreover, we identified three phases, including the velocity reversal phenomenon associated with the produced mechanism of Bohr’s law, and provided the temporal structure. The difference in the pattern of force exertion accompanying the two styles of motor planning with different accuracies was strongly associated with this motor characteristic. These findings may serve as important basic data to scientifically clarify the mechanism of complex physical tactics implemented in one-on-one dueling in various sports.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7495094
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2020
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-74950942020-10-02 Difference Between Intentional and Reactive Movement in Side-Steps: Patterns of Temporal Structure and Force Exertion Wakatsuki, Tsubasa Yamada, Norimasa Front Psychol Psychology Intentional and reactive movements are dissimilar in terms of execution time. Previous studies reported that reactive movements are faster than intentional movements (“Bohr’s law” or “Gunslinger effect”), however, these studies focused only on hand-reaching tasks, such as pressing buttons. No studies assessed whole-body movements involving movement of the center of mass (CoM). This movement is characterized by many degrees of freedom because it involves many joints and requires more force than the hand-reaching movement. In this study, we determined the differences in the patterns of temporal structure and force exertion to elucidate the mechanism of “Bohr’s law” in whole-body movement involving movement of the CoM. Ten participants performed a sidestepping task, which requires at least two steps: (1) an intentional movement, in which the movement started with the participants’ own timing; and (2) a reactive movement, in which the movement started the moment a light-emitting diode bulb in front of the participants lit up. We collected data on the ground reaction forces and coordinates of 20 body points. The time of movement onset was calculated and defined based on the ground reaction force, which has the earliest onset compared with velocity and position. The execution time was significantly shorter in the reactive movement condition than in the intentional movement condition (772 vs. 715 ms, p = 2.9 × 10(–4)). We confirmed that Bohr’s law was applicable not only in hand-reaching tasks but also in whole-body movement. Moreover, we identified three phases, including the velocity reversal phenomenon associated with the produced mechanism of Bohr’s law, and provided the temporal structure. The difference in the pattern of force exertion accompanying the two styles of motor planning with different accuracies was strongly associated with this motor characteristic. These findings may serve as important basic data to scientifically clarify the mechanism of complex physical tactics implemented in one-on-one dueling in various sports. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-09-02 /pmc/articles/PMC7495094/ /pubmed/33013564 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02186 Text en Copyright © 2020 Wakatsuki and Yamada. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Psychology
Wakatsuki, Tsubasa
Yamada, Norimasa
Difference Between Intentional and Reactive Movement in Side-Steps: Patterns of Temporal Structure and Force Exertion
title Difference Between Intentional and Reactive Movement in Side-Steps: Patterns of Temporal Structure and Force Exertion
title_full Difference Between Intentional and Reactive Movement in Side-Steps: Patterns of Temporal Structure and Force Exertion
title_fullStr Difference Between Intentional and Reactive Movement in Side-Steps: Patterns of Temporal Structure and Force Exertion
title_full_unstemmed Difference Between Intentional and Reactive Movement in Side-Steps: Patterns of Temporal Structure and Force Exertion
title_short Difference Between Intentional and Reactive Movement in Side-Steps: Patterns of Temporal Structure and Force Exertion
title_sort difference between intentional and reactive movement in side-steps: patterns of temporal structure and force exertion
topic Psychology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7495094/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33013564
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02186
work_keys_str_mv AT wakatsukitsubasa differencebetweenintentionalandreactivemovementinsidestepspatternsoftemporalstructureandforceexertion
AT yamadanorimasa differencebetweenintentionalandreactivemovementinsidestepspatternsoftemporalstructureandforceexertion