Integrating single Ni sites into biomimetic networks of covalent organic frameworks for selective photoreduction of CO(2)

Selective photoreduction of CO(2) into a given product is a great challenge but desirable. Inspired by natural photosynthesis occurring in hierarchical networks over non-precious molecular metal catalysts, we demonstrate an integration of single Ni sites into the hexagonal pores of polyimide covalent organic frameworks (PI-COFs) for selective photoreduction of CO(2) to CO. The single Ni sites in the hexagonal pores of the COFs serve as active sites for CO(2) activation and conversion, while the PI-COFs not only act as a photosensitizer to generate charge carriers but also exert a promoting effect on the selectivity. The optimized PI-COF with a triazine ring exhibits excellent activity and selectivity. A possible intra- and inter-molecular charge-transfer mechanism was proposed, in which the photogenerated electrons in PI-COFs are efficiently separated from the central ring to the diimide linkage, and then transferred to the single Ni active sites, as evidenced by theoretical calculations.