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Galectin-3 not Galectin-9 as a candidate prognosis marker for hepatocellular carcinoma
BACKGROUND: Galectins (Gal) are a family of protein that bind to the β-galactoside of glycoproteins. It modulates a variety of biological functions, such as tumor growth, angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. A series of experimental and clinical evidences have been reported to support a correlation be...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
PeerJ Inc.
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7501799/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32995093 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9949 |
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author | Kong, Fei Jin, Meishan Cao, Donghui Jia, Zhifang Liu, Yawen Jiang, Jing |
author_facet | Kong, Fei Jin, Meishan Cao, Donghui Jia, Zhifang Liu, Yawen Jiang, Jing |
author_sort | Kong, Fei |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Galectins (Gal) are a family of protein that bind to the β-galactoside of glycoproteins. It modulates a variety of biological functions, such as tumor growth, angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. A series of experimental and clinical evidences have been reported to support a correlation between galectin expressions and neoplastic transformation, progression and prognosis. The objective of this study was to estimate the expression of Gal-3 and Gal-9 in order to evaluate their relation to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) -related clinical features and their prognostic values. METHODS: We evaluated Gal-3 and Gal-9 expression in 247 HCC patients by a tissue microarray immunohistochemistry method, then analyzed the relationship between expression levels of Gal-3 and Gal-9 protein and tumor parameters or clinical outcomes. RESULTS: The Gal-3 expression was significantly higher in tumor tissues compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues (P < 0.001), while no significant differences of Gal-9 was detected (P = 0.222). A higher Gal-3 expression was significantly associated with lymph-vascular invasion (P = 0.049), poor histological differentiation (P = 0.016), and no cirrhosis (P = 0.040). In contrast, a lower Gal-9 expression was related to lymph-vascular invasion (P = 0.012) and poor histological differentiation (P = 0.002). Survival analysis showed that patients with higher Gal-3 expression had worse overall survival (P = 0.012) , however no correlation was found between Gal-9 expression and survival (P = 0.185). Multivariate analysis showed that multiple tumor (HR = 1.94, 95% CI [1.36–2.78]), tumor size ≥ 5 cm (HR = 1.51, 95% CI [1.07–2.12]), Lymph-vascular invasion (HR = 1.45, 95% CI [1.00–2.10]) and Gal-3 expression (HR = 1.57, 95% CI [1.06–2.33]) were independent influencing factors of prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. CONCLUSION: Gal-3 was expected to serve as a novel prognostic marker of hepatocellular carcinoma, while Gal-9 expression was only related to tumor progression. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7501799 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75017992020-09-28 Galectin-3 not Galectin-9 as a candidate prognosis marker for hepatocellular carcinoma Kong, Fei Jin, Meishan Cao, Donghui Jia, Zhifang Liu, Yawen Jiang, Jing PeerJ Gastroenterology and Hepatology BACKGROUND: Galectins (Gal) are a family of protein that bind to the β-galactoside of glycoproteins. It modulates a variety of biological functions, such as tumor growth, angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. A series of experimental and clinical evidences have been reported to support a correlation between galectin expressions and neoplastic transformation, progression and prognosis. The objective of this study was to estimate the expression of Gal-3 and Gal-9 in order to evaluate their relation to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) -related clinical features and their prognostic values. METHODS: We evaluated Gal-3 and Gal-9 expression in 247 HCC patients by a tissue microarray immunohistochemistry method, then analyzed the relationship between expression levels of Gal-3 and Gal-9 protein and tumor parameters or clinical outcomes. RESULTS: The Gal-3 expression was significantly higher in tumor tissues compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues (P < 0.001), while no significant differences of Gal-9 was detected (P = 0.222). A higher Gal-3 expression was significantly associated with lymph-vascular invasion (P = 0.049), poor histological differentiation (P = 0.016), and no cirrhosis (P = 0.040). In contrast, a lower Gal-9 expression was related to lymph-vascular invasion (P = 0.012) and poor histological differentiation (P = 0.002). Survival analysis showed that patients with higher Gal-3 expression had worse overall survival (P = 0.012) , however no correlation was found between Gal-9 expression and survival (P = 0.185). Multivariate analysis showed that multiple tumor (HR = 1.94, 95% CI [1.36–2.78]), tumor size ≥ 5 cm (HR = 1.51, 95% CI [1.07–2.12]), Lymph-vascular invasion (HR = 1.45, 95% CI [1.00–2.10]) and Gal-3 expression (HR = 1.57, 95% CI [1.06–2.33]) were independent influencing factors of prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. CONCLUSION: Gal-3 was expected to serve as a novel prognostic marker of hepatocellular carcinoma, while Gal-9 expression was only related to tumor progression. PeerJ Inc. 2020-09-16 /pmc/articles/PMC7501799/ /pubmed/32995093 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9949 Text en ©2020 Kong et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited. |
spellingShingle | Gastroenterology and Hepatology Kong, Fei Jin, Meishan Cao, Donghui Jia, Zhifang Liu, Yawen Jiang, Jing Galectin-3 not Galectin-9 as a candidate prognosis marker for hepatocellular carcinoma |
title | Galectin-3 not Galectin-9 as a candidate prognosis marker for hepatocellular carcinoma |
title_full | Galectin-3 not Galectin-9 as a candidate prognosis marker for hepatocellular carcinoma |
title_fullStr | Galectin-3 not Galectin-9 as a candidate prognosis marker for hepatocellular carcinoma |
title_full_unstemmed | Galectin-3 not Galectin-9 as a candidate prognosis marker for hepatocellular carcinoma |
title_short | Galectin-3 not Galectin-9 as a candidate prognosis marker for hepatocellular carcinoma |
title_sort | galectin-3 not galectin-9 as a candidate prognosis marker for hepatocellular carcinoma |
topic | Gastroenterology and Hepatology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7501799/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32995093 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9949 |
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