Protein expression pattern of the molecular chaperone Mdg1/ERdj4 during embryonic development

The vertebrate-specific co-chaperone Mdg1/ERdj4, which is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, controls the folding and degradation of proteins. We characterized its protein pattern during chick embryonic development. During early development, Mdg1/ERdj4 protein is present in mesenchymal and epithelial cells. In mesenchymal cells, it has a salt and pepper pattern. In contrast, during epithelial tissue differentiation, Mdg1/ERdj4 marks the basal and/or apical compartment of epithelial linings. The distinct protein pattern in epithelial tissue might point to its role in organizing and maintaining the epithelial structure. This could be achieved, e.g. by controlling folding and secretion of membrane-bound receptors or by inhibiting the IRE1α–Xbp1s–SNAI1/2-induced mesenchymalization. High Mdg1/ERdj4 protein levels are maintained in tissue with sustained secretory activity as in ependymal cells or enterocytes, substantiating its important role for secretion. We conclude that the transient elevation of Mdg1/ERdj4 protein levels controls the differentiation of epithelial linings while constitutive high levels are closely linked to secretory activity. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00418-020-01881-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.