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Mutational Landscape and Environmental Effects in Bladder Cancer
Bladder cancer is the most common cancer of the urinary tract. Although nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancers have a good prognosis, muscle-invasive bladder cancers promote metastases and have a poor prognosis. Comprehensive analyses using RNA sequence of clinical tumor samples in bladder cancer have b...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7503658/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32842545 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176072 |
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author | Hayashi, Takuji Fujita, Kazutoshi Hayashi, Yujiro Hatano, Koji Kawashima, Atsunari McConkey, David J. Nonomura, Norio |
author_facet | Hayashi, Takuji Fujita, Kazutoshi Hayashi, Yujiro Hatano, Koji Kawashima, Atsunari McConkey, David J. Nonomura, Norio |
author_sort | Hayashi, Takuji |
collection | PubMed |
description | Bladder cancer is the most common cancer of the urinary tract. Although nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancers have a good prognosis, muscle-invasive bladder cancers promote metastases and have a poor prognosis. Comprehensive analyses using RNA sequence of clinical tumor samples in bladder cancer have been reported. These reports implicated the candidate genes and pathways that play important roles in carcinogenesis and/or progression of bladder cancer. Further investigations for the function of each mutation are warranted. There is suggestive evidence for several environmental factors as risk factors of bladder cancer. Environmental factors such as cigarette smoking, exposure to chemicals and gases, bladder inflammation due to microbial and parasitic infections, diet, and nutrition could induce several genetic mutations and alter the tumor microenvironment, such as immune cells and fibroblasts. The detailed mechanism of how these environmental factors induce carcinogenesis and/or progression of bladder cancer remains unclear. To identify the relationship between the mutations and the lifestyle could be useful for prevention and treatment of bladder cancer. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7503658 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75036582020-09-27 Mutational Landscape and Environmental Effects in Bladder Cancer Hayashi, Takuji Fujita, Kazutoshi Hayashi, Yujiro Hatano, Koji Kawashima, Atsunari McConkey, David J. Nonomura, Norio Int J Mol Sci Review Bladder cancer is the most common cancer of the urinary tract. Although nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancers have a good prognosis, muscle-invasive bladder cancers promote metastases and have a poor prognosis. Comprehensive analyses using RNA sequence of clinical tumor samples in bladder cancer have been reported. These reports implicated the candidate genes and pathways that play important roles in carcinogenesis and/or progression of bladder cancer. Further investigations for the function of each mutation are warranted. There is suggestive evidence for several environmental factors as risk factors of bladder cancer. Environmental factors such as cigarette smoking, exposure to chemicals and gases, bladder inflammation due to microbial and parasitic infections, diet, and nutrition could induce several genetic mutations and alter the tumor microenvironment, such as immune cells and fibroblasts. The detailed mechanism of how these environmental factors induce carcinogenesis and/or progression of bladder cancer remains unclear. To identify the relationship between the mutations and the lifestyle could be useful for prevention and treatment of bladder cancer. MDPI 2020-08-23 /pmc/articles/PMC7503658/ /pubmed/32842545 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176072 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Hayashi, Takuji Fujita, Kazutoshi Hayashi, Yujiro Hatano, Koji Kawashima, Atsunari McConkey, David J. Nonomura, Norio Mutational Landscape and Environmental Effects in Bladder Cancer |
title | Mutational Landscape and Environmental Effects in Bladder Cancer |
title_full | Mutational Landscape and Environmental Effects in Bladder Cancer |
title_fullStr | Mutational Landscape and Environmental Effects in Bladder Cancer |
title_full_unstemmed | Mutational Landscape and Environmental Effects in Bladder Cancer |
title_short | Mutational Landscape and Environmental Effects in Bladder Cancer |
title_sort | mutational landscape and environmental effects in bladder cancer |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7503658/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32842545 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176072 |
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