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Current Methods of Magnetic Resonance for Noninvasive Assessment of Molecular Aspects of Pathoetiology in Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease with expanding axonal and neuronal degeneration in the central nervous system leading to motoric dysfunctions, psychical disability, and cognitive impairment during MS progression. The exact cascade of pathological processes (inflammation, demyelinati...

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Autores principales: Hnilicová, Petra, Štrbák, Oliver, Kolisek, Martin, Kurča, Egon, Zeleňák, Kamil, Sivák, Štefan, Kantorová, Ema
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7504207/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32854318
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176117
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author Hnilicová, Petra
Štrbák, Oliver
Kolisek, Martin
Kurča, Egon
Zeleňák, Kamil
Sivák, Štefan
Kantorová, Ema
author_facet Hnilicová, Petra
Štrbák, Oliver
Kolisek, Martin
Kurča, Egon
Zeleňák, Kamil
Sivák, Štefan
Kantorová, Ema
author_sort Hnilicová, Petra
collection PubMed
description Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease with expanding axonal and neuronal degeneration in the central nervous system leading to motoric dysfunctions, psychical disability, and cognitive impairment during MS progression. The exact cascade of pathological processes (inflammation, demyelination, excitotoxicity, diffuse neuro-axonal degeneration, oxidative and metabolic stress, etc.) causing MS onset is still not fully understood, although several accompanying biomarkers are particularly suitable for the detection of early subclinical changes. Magnetic resonance (MR) methods are generally considered to be the most sensitive diagnostic tools. Their advantages include their noninvasive nature and their ability to image tissue in vivo. In particular, MR spectroscopy (proton (1)H and phosphorus (31)P MRS) is a powerful analytical tool for the detection and analysis of biomedically relevant metabolites, amino acids, and bioelements, and thus for providing information about neuro-axonal degradation, demyelination, reactive gliosis, mitochondrial and neurotransmitter failure, cellular energetic and membrane alternation, and the imbalance of magnesium homeostasis in specific tissues. Furthermore, the MR relaxometry-based detection of accumulated biogenic iron in the brain tissue is useful in disease evaluation. The early description and understanding of the developing pathological process might be critical for establishing clinically effective MS-modifying therapies.
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spelling pubmed-75042072020-09-24 Current Methods of Magnetic Resonance for Noninvasive Assessment of Molecular Aspects of Pathoetiology in Multiple Sclerosis Hnilicová, Petra Štrbák, Oliver Kolisek, Martin Kurča, Egon Zeleňák, Kamil Sivák, Štefan Kantorová, Ema Int J Mol Sci Review Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease with expanding axonal and neuronal degeneration in the central nervous system leading to motoric dysfunctions, psychical disability, and cognitive impairment during MS progression. The exact cascade of pathological processes (inflammation, demyelination, excitotoxicity, diffuse neuro-axonal degeneration, oxidative and metabolic stress, etc.) causing MS onset is still not fully understood, although several accompanying biomarkers are particularly suitable for the detection of early subclinical changes. Magnetic resonance (MR) methods are generally considered to be the most sensitive diagnostic tools. Their advantages include their noninvasive nature and their ability to image tissue in vivo. In particular, MR spectroscopy (proton (1)H and phosphorus (31)P MRS) is a powerful analytical tool for the detection and analysis of biomedically relevant metabolites, amino acids, and bioelements, and thus for providing information about neuro-axonal degradation, demyelination, reactive gliosis, mitochondrial and neurotransmitter failure, cellular energetic and membrane alternation, and the imbalance of magnesium homeostasis in specific tissues. Furthermore, the MR relaxometry-based detection of accumulated biogenic iron in the brain tissue is useful in disease evaluation. The early description and understanding of the developing pathological process might be critical for establishing clinically effective MS-modifying therapies. MDPI 2020-08-25 /pmc/articles/PMC7504207/ /pubmed/32854318 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176117 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Hnilicová, Petra
Štrbák, Oliver
Kolisek, Martin
Kurča, Egon
Zeleňák, Kamil
Sivák, Štefan
Kantorová, Ema
Current Methods of Magnetic Resonance for Noninvasive Assessment of Molecular Aspects of Pathoetiology in Multiple Sclerosis
title Current Methods of Magnetic Resonance for Noninvasive Assessment of Molecular Aspects of Pathoetiology in Multiple Sclerosis
title_full Current Methods of Magnetic Resonance for Noninvasive Assessment of Molecular Aspects of Pathoetiology in Multiple Sclerosis
title_fullStr Current Methods of Magnetic Resonance for Noninvasive Assessment of Molecular Aspects of Pathoetiology in Multiple Sclerosis
title_full_unstemmed Current Methods of Magnetic Resonance for Noninvasive Assessment of Molecular Aspects of Pathoetiology in Multiple Sclerosis
title_short Current Methods of Magnetic Resonance for Noninvasive Assessment of Molecular Aspects of Pathoetiology in Multiple Sclerosis
title_sort current methods of magnetic resonance for noninvasive assessment of molecular aspects of pathoetiology in multiple sclerosis
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7504207/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32854318
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176117
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