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Resisting Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Therapy: A Systematic Review

The treatment landscape in oncology has witnessed a major revolution with the introduction of checkpoint inhibitors: anti-PD1, anti-PDL1 and anti-CTLA-4. These agents enhance the immune response towards cancer cells instead of targeting the tumor itself, contrary to standard chemotherapy. Although l...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Haibe, Yolla, El Husseini, Ziad, El Sayed, Rola, Shamseddine, Ali
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7504220/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32867025
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176176
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author Haibe, Yolla
El Husseini, Ziad
El Sayed, Rola
Shamseddine, Ali
author_facet Haibe, Yolla
El Husseini, Ziad
El Sayed, Rola
Shamseddine, Ali
author_sort Haibe, Yolla
collection PubMed
description The treatment landscape in oncology has witnessed a major revolution with the introduction of checkpoint inhibitors: anti-PD1, anti-PDL1 and anti-CTLA-4. These agents enhance the immune response towards cancer cells instead of targeting the tumor itself, contrary to standard chemotherapy. Although long-lasting durable responses have been observed with immune checkpoints inhibitors, the response rate remains relatively low in many cases. Some patients respond in the beginning but then eventually develop acquired resistance to treatment and progress. Other patients having primary resistance never respond. Multiple studies have been conducted to further elucidate these variations in response in different tumor types and different individuals. This paper provides an overview of the mechanisms of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors and highlights the possible therapeutic approaches under investigation aiming to overcome such resistance in order to improve the clinical outcomes of cancer patients.
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spelling pubmed-75042202020-09-24 Resisting Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Therapy: A Systematic Review Haibe, Yolla El Husseini, Ziad El Sayed, Rola Shamseddine, Ali Int J Mol Sci Review The treatment landscape in oncology has witnessed a major revolution with the introduction of checkpoint inhibitors: anti-PD1, anti-PDL1 and anti-CTLA-4. These agents enhance the immune response towards cancer cells instead of targeting the tumor itself, contrary to standard chemotherapy. Although long-lasting durable responses have been observed with immune checkpoints inhibitors, the response rate remains relatively low in many cases. Some patients respond in the beginning but then eventually develop acquired resistance to treatment and progress. Other patients having primary resistance never respond. Multiple studies have been conducted to further elucidate these variations in response in different tumor types and different individuals. This paper provides an overview of the mechanisms of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors and highlights the possible therapeutic approaches under investigation aiming to overcome such resistance in order to improve the clinical outcomes of cancer patients. MDPI 2020-08-27 /pmc/articles/PMC7504220/ /pubmed/32867025 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176176 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Haibe, Yolla
El Husseini, Ziad
El Sayed, Rola
Shamseddine, Ali
Resisting Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Therapy: A Systematic Review
title Resisting Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Therapy: A Systematic Review
title_full Resisting Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Therapy: A Systematic Review
title_fullStr Resisting Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Therapy: A Systematic Review
title_full_unstemmed Resisting Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Therapy: A Systematic Review
title_short Resisting Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Therapy: A Systematic Review
title_sort resisting resistance to immune checkpoint therapy: a systematic review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7504220/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32867025
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176176
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