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Revisiting Platelets and Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs): At the Interface of Vascular Immunity and Thrombosis

While platelet function has traditionally been described in the context of maintaining vascular integrity, recent evidence suggests that platelets can modulate inflammation in a much more sophisticated and nuanced manner than previously thought. Some aspects of this expanded repertoire of platelet f...

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Autores principales: Hally, Kathryn, Fauteux-Daniel, Sebastien, Hamzeh-Cognasse, Hind, Larsen, Peter, Cognasse, Fabrice
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7504402/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32858930
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176150
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author Hally, Kathryn
Fauteux-Daniel, Sebastien
Hamzeh-Cognasse, Hind
Larsen, Peter
Cognasse, Fabrice
author_facet Hally, Kathryn
Fauteux-Daniel, Sebastien
Hamzeh-Cognasse, Hind
Larsen, Peter
Cognasse, Fabrice
author_sort Hally, Kathryn
collection PubMed
description While platelet function has traditionally been described in the context of maintaining vascular integrity, recent evidence suggests that platelets can modulate inflammation in a much more sophisticated and nuanced manner than previously thought. Some aspects of this expanded repertoire of platelet function are mediated via expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). TLRs are a family of pattern recognition receptors that recognize pathogen-associated and damage-associated molecular patterns. Activation of these receptors is crucial for orchestrating and sustaining the inflammatory response to both types of danger signals. The TLR family consists of 10 known receptors, and there is at least some evidence that each of these are expressed on or within human platelets. This review presents the literature on TLR-mediated platelet activation for each of these receptors, and the existing understanding of platelet-TLR immune modulation. This review also highlights unresolved methodological issues that potentially contribute to some of the discrepancies within the literature, and we also suggest several recommendations to overcome these issues. Current understanding of TLR-mediated platelet responses in influenza, sepsis, transfusion-related injury and cardiovascular disease are discussed, and key outstanding research questions are highlighted. In summary, we provide a resource—a “researcher’s toolkit”—for undertaking further research in the field of platelet-TLR biology.
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spelling pubmed-75044022020-09-24 Revisiting Platelets and Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs): At the Interface of Vascular Immunity and Thrombosis Hally, Kathryn Fauteux-Daniel, Sebastien Hamzeh-Cognasse, Hind Larsen, Peter Cognasse, Fabrice Int J Mol Sci Review While platelet function has traditionally been described in the context of maintaining vascular integrity, recent evidence suggests that platelets can modulate inflammation in a much more sophisticated and nuanced manner than previously thought. Some aspects of this expanded repertoire of platelet function are mediated via expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). TLRs are a family of pattern recognition receptors that recognize pathogen-associated and damage-associated molecular patterns. Activation of these receptors is crucial for orchestrating and sustaining the inflammatory response to both types of danger signals. The TLR family consists of 10 known receptors, and there is at least some evidence that each of these are expressed on or within human platelets. This review presents the literature on TLR-mediated platelet activation for each of these receptors, and the existing understanding of platelet-TLR immune modulation. This review also highlights unresolved methodological issues that potentially contribute to some of the discrepancies within the literature, and we also suggest several recommendations to overcome these issues. Current understanding of TLR-mediated platelet responses in influenza, sepsis, transfusion-related injury and cardiovascular disease are discussed, and key outstanding research questions are highlighted. In summary, we provide a resource—a “researcher’s toolkit”—for undertaking further research in the field of platelet-TLR biology. MDPI 2020-08-26 /pmc/articles/PMC7504402/ /pubmed/32858930 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176150 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Hally, Kathryn
Fauteux-Daniel, Sebastien
Hamzeh-Cognasse, Hind
Larsen, Peter
Cognasse, Fabrice
Revisiting Platelets and Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs): At the Interface of Vascular Immunity and Thrombosis
title Revisiting Platelets and Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs): At the Interface of Vascular Immunity and Thrombosis
title_full Revisiting Platelets and Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs): At the Interface of Vascular Immunity and Thrombosis
title_fullStr Revisiting Platelets and Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs): At the Interface of Vascular Immunity and Thrombosis
title_full_unstemmed Revisiting Platelets and Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs): At the Interface of Vascular Immunity and Thrombosis
title_short Revisiting Platelets and Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs): At the Interface of Vascular Immunity and Thrombosis
title_sort revisiting platelets and toll-like receptors (tlrs): at the interface of vascular immunity and thrombosis
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7504402/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32858930
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176150
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