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Theoretical insights of codoping to modulate electronic structure of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for enhanced photocatalytic efficiency
[Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are well known materials in the field of photocatalysis due to their exceptional electronic structure, high chemical stability, non-toxicity and low cost. However, owing to the wide band gap, these can be utilized only in the UV region. Thus, it’s necessar...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7505848/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32958786 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-72195-0 |
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author | Kumar, Manish Basera, Pooja Saini, Shikha Bhattacharya, Saswata |
author_facet | Kumar, Manish Basera, Pooja Saini, Shikha Bhattacharya, Saswata |
author_sort | Kumar, Manish |
collection | PubMed |
description | [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are well known materials in the field of photocatalysis due to their exceptional electronic structure, high chemical stability, non-toxicity and low cost. However, owing to the wide band gap, these can be utilized only in the UV region. Thus, it’s necessary to expand their optical response in visible region by reducing their band gap through doping with metals, nonmetals or the combination of different elements, while retaining intact the photocatalytic efficiency. We report here, the codoping of a metal and a nonmetal in anatase [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for efficient photocatalytic water splitting using hybrid density functional theory and ab initio atomistic thermodynamics. The latter ensures to capture the environmental effect to understand thermodynamic stability of the charged defects at a realistic condition. We have observed that the charged defects are stable in addition to neutral defects in anatase [Formula: see text] and the codopants act as donor as well as acceptor depending on the nature of doping (p-type or n-type). However, the most stable codopants in [Formula: see text] mostly act as donor. Our results reveal that despite the response in visible light region, the codoping in [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] cannot always enhance the photocatalytic activity due to either the formation of recombination centers or the large shift in the conduction band minimum or valence band maximum. Amongst various metal-nonmetal combinations, [Formula: see text] (i.e. Mn is substituted at Ti site and S is substituted at O site), [Formula: see text] in anatase [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] , [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] are the most potent candidates to enhance the photocatalytic efficiency of anatase [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] under visible light irradiation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7505848 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75058482020-09-22 Theoretical insights of codoping to modulate electronic structure of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for enhanced photocatalytic efficiency Kumar, Manish Basera, Pooja Saini, Shikha Bhattacharya, Saswata Sci Rep Article [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are well known materials in the field of photocatalysis due to their exceptional electronic structure, high chemical stability, non-toxicity and low cost. However, owing to the wide band gap, these can be utilized only in the UV region. Thus, it’s necessary to expand their optical response in visible region by reducing their band gap through doping with metals, nonmetals or the combination of different elements, while retaining intact the photocatalytic efficiency. We report here, the codoping of a metal and a nonmetal in anatase [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for efficient photocatalytic water splitting using hybrid density functional theory and ab initio atomistic thermodynamics. The latter ensures to capture the environmental effect to understand thermodynamic stability of the charged defects at a realistic condition. We have observed that the charged defects are stable in addition to neutral defects in anatase [Formula: see text] and the codopants act as donor as well as acceptor depending on the nature of doping (p-type or n-type). However, the most stable codopants in [Formula: see text] mostly act as donor. Our results reveal that despite the response in visible light region, the codoping in [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] cannot always enhance the photocatalytic activity due to either the formation of recombination centers or the large shift in the conduction band minimum or valence band maximum. Amongst various metal-nonmetal combinations, [Formula: see text] (i.e. Mn is substituted at Ti site and S is substituted at O site), [Formula: see text] in anatase [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] , [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] are the most potent candidates to enhance the photocatalytic efficiency of anatase [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] under visible light irradiation. Nature Publishing Group UK 2020-09-21 /pmc/articles/PMC7505848/ /pubmed/32958786 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-72195-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Kumar, Manish Basera, Pooja Saini, Shikha Bhattacharya, Saswata Theoretical insights of codoping to modulate electronic structure of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for enhanced photocatalytic efficiency |
title | Theoretical insights of codoping to modulate electronic structure of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for enhanced photocatalytic efficiency |
title_full | Theoretical insights of codoping to modulate electronic structure of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for enhanced photocatalytic efficiency |
title_fullStr | Theoretical insights of codoping to modulate electronic structure of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for enhanced photocatalytic efficiency |
title_full_unstemmed | Theoretical insights of codoping to modulate electronic structure of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for enhanced photocatalytic efficiency |
title_short | Theoretical insights of codoping to modulate electronic structure of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for enhanced photocatalytic efficiency |
title_sort | theoretical insights of codoping to modulate electronic structure of [formula: see text] and [formula: see text] for enhanced photocatalytic efficiency |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7505848/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32958786 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-72195-0 |
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