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Instrumented Four Square Step Test in Adults with Transfemoral Amputation: Test-Retest Reliability and Discriminant Validity between Two Types of Microprocessor Knees
Technology-based outcomes have recently been proposed to complement the standard Four Square Step Test (FSST) by providing a decomposition of the sequences and information about the stepping pattern. A test-retest study and a randomized crossover design have been used to determine immediate test-ret...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7506809/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32847127 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20174782 |
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author | Gouelle, Arnaud Highsmith, Michael Jason |
author_facet | Gouelle, Arnaud Highsmith, Michael Jason |
author_sort | Gouelle, Arnaud |
collection | PubMed |
description | Technology-based outcomes have recently been proposed to complement the standard Four Square Step Test (FSST) by providing a decomposition of the sequences and information about the stepping pattern. A test-retest study and a randomized crossover design have been used to determine immediate test-retest reliability and to assess discriminant validity, in persons with a unilateral transfemoral amputation, for the parameters computed by an instrumented version of the Four Square Step Test. Twenty adults, independent and unlimited community ambulators, with a unilateral transfemoral amputation, performed two Four Square Step Tests on a pressure mat first with a microprocessor knee, then, a few weeks later with another one. One of these prosthetic knees was acknowledged to be superior and to provide functional improvement. Test-retest, intraclass correlation coefficients and minimal detectable change at 95% confidence level were calculated for each variable. Paired samples t-tests were then used to identify differences between the two microprocessor knee systems. The test-retest reliability of most outcome measures was good to excellent. Few variables showed a systematic difference and a trend to improve between test 1 and test 2. When comparing both microprocessor knees, significant differences in the expected direction were observed, with interpretation in accordance with a functional improvement. Importantly, we highlighted that various strategies to improve the performance in the test might complexify the interpretation of the most detailed measurement. The instrumented Four Square Step test provides reliable measures with satisfactory test-retest reliability and discriminant validity in persons with unilateral transfemoral amputation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7506809 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75068092020-09-26 Instrumented Four Square Step Test in Adults with Transfemoral Amputation: Test-Retest Reliability and Discriminant Validity between Two Types of Microprocessor Knees Gouelle, Arnaud Highsmith, Michael Jason Sensors (Basel) Article Technology-based outcomes have recently been proposed to complement the standard Four Square Step Test (FSST) by providing a decomposition of the sequences and information about the stepping pattern. A test-retest study and a randomized crossover design have been used to determine immediate test-retest reliability and to assess discriminant validity, in persons with a unilateral transfemoral amputation, for the parameters computed by an instrumented version of the Four Square Step Test. Twenty adults, independent and unlimited community ambulators, with a unilateral transfemoral amputation, performed two Four Square Step Tests on a pressure mat first with a microprocessor knee, then, a few weeks later with another one. One of these prosthetic knees was acknowledged to be superior and to provide functional improvement. Test-retest, intraclass correlation coefficients and minimal detectable change at 95% confidence level were calculated for each variable. Paired samples t-tests were then used to identify differences between the two microprocessor knee systems. The test-retest reliability of most outcome measures was good to excellent. Few variables showed a systematic difference and a trend to improve between test 1 and test 2. When comparing both microprocessor knees, significant differences in the expected direction were observed, with interpretation in accordance with a functional improvement. Importantly, we highlighted that various strategies to improve the performance in the test might complexify the interpretation of the most detailed measurement. The instrumented Four Square Step test provides reliable measures with satisfactory test-retest reliability and discriminant validity in persons with unilateral transfemoral amputation. MDPI 2020-08-24 /pmc/articles/PMC7506809/ /pubmed/32847127 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20174782 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Gouelle, Arnaud Highsmith, Michael Jason Instrumented Four Square Step Test in Adults with Transfemoral Amputation: Test-Retest Reliability and Discriminant Validity between Two Types of Microprocessor Knees |
title | Instrumented Four Square Step Test in Adults with Transfemoral Amputation: Test-Retest Reliability and Discriminant Validity between Two Types of Microprocessor Knees |
title_full | Instrumented Four Square Step Test in Adults with Transfemoral Amputation: Test-Retest Reliability and Discriminant Validity between Two Types of Microprocessor Knees |
title_fullStr | Instrumented Four Square Step Test in Adults with Transfemoral Amputation: Test-Retest Reliability and Discriminant Validity between Two Types of Microprocessor Knees |
title_full_unstemmed | Instrumented Four Square Step Test in Adults with Transfemoral Amputation: Test-Retest Reliability and Discriminant Validity between Two Types of Microprocessor Knees |
title_short | Instrumented Four Square Step Test in Adults with Transfemoral Amputation: Test-Retest Reliability and Discriminant Validity between Two Types of Microprocessor Knees |
title_sort | instrumented four square step test in adults with transfemoral amputation: test-retest reliability and discriminant validity between two types of microprocessor knees |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7506809/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32847127 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20174782 |
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