Family Functional-based Coaching Program on Healthy Behavior for Glycemic Control among Indonesian Communities: A Quasi-experimental Study

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to examine the impact of a family functional-based coaching program on improving the perceived family functioning practice and clinical outcomes among patients with glycemic uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Indonesian community. METHODS: We applied a quasi-experimental study, pretest, and posttest design with a non-equivalent control group. Sixty pairs of T2DM patient-caretaker dyads were recruited and assigned to either an intervention or control group. The Family Function Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess the perception of family functioning practices by T2DM patients of their caretakers to support their diabetes self-management. The clinical outcomes were measured using clinical outcome devices and laboratory tests. These measurements were conducted and compared at a baseline and 12 weeks after completing the program. RESULTS: Patients who received the family functional-based coaching program saw significant improvement in perception of family function practice, compared to the control group who received usual care. The findings also showed a positive decline glycated hemoglobin and total cholesterol levels after receiving the 12-week program. However, no significant difference was found in body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that a family functional-based coaching program is feasible to implement among uncontrolled T2DM in a large scale study.