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Energy efficiency in software: A case study on sustainability in personal health records()

A personal health record is an eHealth technology in which users can observe their progress over time for a given condition. A research gap was identified in the literature concerning the study of the amount of energy that these systems need for their operation, and the energy efficiency that may be...

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Autores principales: García-Berná, José A., Fernández-Alemán, José L., Carrillo de Gea, Juan M., Toval, Ambrosio, Mancebo, Javier, Calero, Coral, García, Félix
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier Ltd. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7508020/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32982077
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124262
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author García-Berná, José A.
Fernández-Alemán, José L.
Carrillo de Gea, Juan M.
Toval, Ambrosio
Mancebo, Javier
Calero, Coral
García, Félix
author_facet García-Berná, José A.
Fernández-Alemán, José L.
Carrillo de Gea, Juan M.
Toval, Ambrosio
Mancebo, Javier
Calero, Coral
García, Félix
author_sort García-Berná, José A.
collection PubMed
description A personal health record is an eHealth technology in which users can observe their progress over time for a given condition. A research gap was identified in the literature concerning the study of the amount of energy that these systems need for their operation, and the energy efficiency that may be attained depending on their design. After the selection of five representative personal health records, a total of 20 tasks commonly done, and based on previous work, were performed with regard to two proposed scenarios, namely patient use and health personnel usage. The power consumption of the main components of a host machine was measured during the performance of the proposed duties. To that end, a hardware tool called the Energy Efficiency Tester was employed. The data collected were analyzed statistically, and significant differences were found in the respective consumption of the display (χ(2) (4) = 23.782, p = 0.000), the processor (χ(2) (4) = 29.018, p = 0.000) and the whole PC (χ(2) (4) = 28.582, p = 0.000). For all of these components, NoMoreClipBoard was the personal health record that required the least energy (57.699 W for the display, 3.162 W for the processor and 181.113 W for the whole PC). A total of two strong correlations were found in the energy consumption between the hard disk and the graphics card (r = 0.791, p < 0.001), and the processor and the PC (r = 0.950, p < 0.001). Some features generated special amounts of power consumption, such as the news wall found on PatientsLikeMe, or the use of load icons that had an impact on most PC components. In addition, an in-depth analysis of the user interfaces was performed. A discussion was carried out on the design of the user interfaces, also taking into account recommendations drawn from the literature, checking for their implementation in the personal health records selected. With the aim of promoting sustainability among software developers, a best practice guideline on sustainable software design was proposed. Basic sustainability recommendations were collected for professionals to consider when developing a software system in general, and a personal health record in particular.
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spelling pubmed-75080202020-09-23 Energy efficiency in software: A case study on sustainability in personal health records() García-Berná, José A. Fernández-Alemán, José L. Carrillo de Gea, Juan M. Toval, Ambrosio Mancebo, Javier Calero, Coral García, Félix J Clean Prod Article A personal health record is an eHealth technology in which users can observe their progress over time for a given condition. A research gap was identified in the literature concerning the study of the amount of energy that these systems need for their operation, and the energy efficiency that may be attained depending on their design. After the selection of five representative personal health records, a total of 20 tasks commonly done, and based on previous work, were performed with regard to two proposed scenarios, namely patient use and health personnel usage. The power consumption of the main components of a host machine was measured during the performance of the proposed duties. To that end, a hardware tool called the Energy Efficiency Tester was employed. The data collected were analyzed statistically, and significant differences were found in the respective consumption of the display (χ(2) (4) = 23.782, p = 0.000), the processor (χ(2) (4) = 29.018, p = 0.000) and the whole PC (χ(2) (4) = 28.582, p = 0.000). For all of these components, NoMoreClipBoard was the personal health record that required the least energy (57.699 W for the display, 3.162 W for the processor and 181.113 W for the whole PC). A total of two strong correlations were found in the energy consumption between the hard disk and the graphics card (r = 0.791, p < 0.001), and the processor and the PC (r = 0.950, p < 0.001). Some features generated special amounts of power consumption, such as the news wall found on PatientsLikeMe, or the use of load icons that had an impact on most PC components. In addition, an in-depth analysis of the user interfaces was performed. A discussion was carried out on the design of the user interfaces, also taking into account recommendations drawn from the literature, checking for their implementation in the personal health records selected. With the aim of promoting sustainability among software developers, a best practice guideline on sustainable software design was proposed. Basic sustainability recommendations were collected for professionals to consider when developing a software system in general, and a personal health record in particular. Elsevier Ltd. 2021-02-01 2020-09-22 /pmc/articles/PMC7508020/ /pubmed/32982077 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124262 Text en © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
spellingShingle Article
García-Berná, José A.
Fernández-Alemán, José L.
Carrillo de Gea, Juan M.
Toval, Ambrosio
Mancebo, Javier
Calero, Coral
García, Félix
Energy efficiency in software: A case study on sustainability in personal health records()
title Energy efficiency in software: A case study on sustainability in personal health records()
title_full Energy efficiency in software: A case study on sustainability in personal health records()
title_fullStr Energy efficiency in software: A case study on sustainability in personal health records()
title_full_unstemmed Energy efficiency in software: A case study on sustainability in personal health records()
title_short Energy efficiency in software: A case study on sustainability in personal health records()
title_sort energy efficiency in software: a case study on sustainability in personal health records()
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7508020/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32982077
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124262
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