Cargando…
Evolutionary dynamics in the Anthropocene: Life history and intensity of human contact shape antipredator responses
Humans profoundly impact landscapes, ecosystems, and animal behavior. In many cases, animals living near humans become tolerant of them and reduce antipredator responses. Yet, we still lack an understanding of the underlying evolutionary dynamics behind these shifts in traits that affect animal surv...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2020
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7508406/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32960897 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000818 |
_version_ | 1783585414541475840 |
---|---|
author | Geffroy, Benjamin Sadoul, Bastien Putman, Breanna J. Berger-Tal, Oded Garamszegi, László Zsolt Møller, Anders Pape Blumstein, Daniel T. |
author_facet | Geffroy, Benjamin Sadoul, Bastien Putman, Breanna J. Berger-Tal, Oded Garamszegi, László Zsolt Møller, Anders Pape Blumstein, Daniel T. |
author_sort | Geffroy, Benjamin |
collection | PubMed |
description | Humans profoundly impact landscapes, ecosystems, and animal behavior. In many cases, animals living near humans become tolerant of them and reduce antipredator responses. Yet, we still lack an understanding of the underlying evolutionary dynamics behind these shifts in traits that affect animal survival. Here, we used a phylogenetic meta-analysis to determine how the mean and variability in antipredator responses change as a function of the number of generations spent in contact with humans under 3 different contexts: urbanization, captivity, and domestication. We found that any contact with humans leads to a rapid reduction in mean antipredator responses as expected. Notably, the variance among individuals over time observed a short-term increase followed by a gradual decrease, significant for domesticated animals. This implies that intense human contact immediately releases animals from predation pressure and then imposes strong anthropogenic selection on traits. In addition, our results reveal that the loss of antipredator traits due to urbanization is similar to that of domestication but occurs 3 times more slowly. Furthermore, the rapid disappearance of antipredator traits was associated with 2 main life-history traits: foraging guild and whether the species was solitary or gregarious (i.e., group-living). For domesticated animals, this decrease in antipredator behavior was stronger for herbivores than for omnivores or carnivores and for solitary than for gregarious species. By contrast, the decrease in antipredator traits was stronger for gregarious, urbanized species, although this result is based mostly on birds. Our study offers 2 major insights on evolution in the Anthropocene: (1) changes in traits occur rapidly even under unintentional human “interventions” (i.e., urbanization) and (2) there are similarities between the selection pressures exerted by domestication and by urbanization. In all, such changes could affect animal survival in a predator-rich world, but through understanding evolutionary dynamics, we can better predict when and how exposure to humans modify these fitness-related traits. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7508406 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75084062020-10-01 Evolutionary dynamics in the Anthropocene: Life history and intensity of human contact shape antipredator responses Geffroy, Benjamin Sadoul, Bastien Putman, Breanna J. Berger-Tal, Oded Garamszegi, László Zsolt Møller, Anders Pape Blumstein, Daniel T. PLoS Biol Research Article Humans profoundly impact landscapes, ecosystems, and animal behavior. In many cases, animals living near humans become tolerant of them and reduce antipredator responses. Yet, we still lack an understanding of the underlying evolutionary dynamics behind these shifts in traits that affect animal survival. Here, we used a phylogenetic meta-analysis to determine how the mean and variability in antipredator responses change as a function of the number of generations spent in contact with humans under 3 different contexts: urbanization, captivity, and domestication. We found that any contact with humans leads to a rapid reduction in mean antipredator responses as expected. Notably, the variance among individuals over time observed a short-term increase followed by a gradual decrease, significant for domesticated animals. This implies that intense human contact immediately releases animals from predation pressure and then imposes strong anthropogenic selection on traits. In addition, our results reveal that the loss of antipredator traits due to urbanization is similar to that of domestication but occurs 3 times more slowly. Furthermore, the rapid disappearance of antipredator traits was associated with 2 main life-history traits: foraging guild and whether the species was solitary or gregarious (i.e., group-living). For domesticated animals, this decrease in antipredator behavior was stronger for herbivores than for omnivores or carnivores and for solitary than for gregarious species. By contrast, the decrease in antipredator traits was stronger for gregarious, urbanized species, although this result is based mostly on birds. Our study offers 2 major insights on evolution in the Anthropocene: (1) changes in traits occur rapidly even under unintentional human “interventions” (i.e., urbanization) and (2) there are similarities between the selection pressures exerted by domestication and by urbanization. In all, such changes could affect animal survival in a predator-rich world, but through understanding evolutionary dynamics, we can better predict when and how exposure to humans modify these fitness-related traits. Public Library of Science 2020-09-22 /pmc/articles/PMC7508406/ /pubmed/32960897 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000818 Text en https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) public domain dedication. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Geffroy, Benjamin Sadoul, Bastien Putman, Breanna J. Berger-Tal, Oded Garamszegi, László Zsolt Møller, Anders Pape Blumstein, Daniel T. Evolutionary dynamics in the Anthropocene: Life history and intensity of human contact shape antipredator responses |
title | Evolutionary dynamics in the Anthropocene: Life history and intensity of human contact shape antipredator responses |
title_full | Evolutionary dynamics in the Anthropocene: Life history and intensity of human contact shape antipredator responses |
title_fullStr | Evolutionary dynamics in the Anthropocene: Life history and intensity of human contact shape antipredator responses |
title_full_unstemmed | Evolutionary dynamics in the Anthropocene: Life history and intensity of human contact shape antipredator responses |
title_short | Evolutionary dynamics in the Anthropocene: Life history and intensity of human contact shape antipredator responses |
title_sort | evolutionary dynamics in the anthropocene: life history and intensity of human contact shape antipredator responses |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7508406/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32960897 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000818 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT geffroybenjamin evolutionarydynamicsintheanthropocenelifehistoryandintensityofhumancontactshapeantipredatorresponses AT sadoulbastien evolutionarydynamicsintheanthropocenelifehistoryandintensityofhumancontactshapeantipredatorresponses AT putmanbreannaj evolutionarydynamicsintheanthropocenelifehistoryandintensityofhumancontactshapeantipredatorresponses AT bergertaloded evolutionarydynamicsintheanthropocenelifehistoryandintensityofhumancontactshapeantipredatorresponses AT garamszegilaszlozsolt evolutionarydynamicsintheanthropocenelifehistoryandintensityofhumancontactshapeantipredatorresponses AT mølleranderspape evolutionarydynamicsintheanthropocenelifehistoryandintensityofhumancontactshapeantipredatorresponses AT blumsteindanielt evolutionarydynamicsintheanthropocenelifehistoryandintensityofhumancontactshapeantipredatorresponses |