Cargando…
Cross Mean Annual Runoff Pseudo-Elasticity of Entropy for Quaternary Catchments of the Upper Vaal Catchment in South Africa
This study focuses preliminarily on the intra-tertiary catchment (TC) assessment of cross MAR pseudo-elasticity of entropy, which determines the impact of changes in MAR for a quaternary catchment (QC) on the entropy of another (other) QC(s). The TCs of the Upper Vaal catchment were used preliminari...
Autor principal: | |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2018
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7512798/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33265372 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e20040281 |
_version_ | 1783586240947290112 |
---|---|
author | Ilunga, Masengo |
author_facet | Ilunga, Masengo |
author_sort | Ilunga, Masengo |
collection | PubMed |
description | This study focuses preliminarily on the intra-tertiary catchment (TC) assessment of cross MAR pseudo-elasticity of entropy, which determines the impact of changes in MAR for a quaternary catchment (QC) on the entropy of another (other) QC(s). The TCs of the Upper Vaal catchment were used preliminarily for this assessment and surface water resources (WR) of South Africa of 1990 (WR90), of 2005 (WR2005) and of 2012 (WR2012) data sets were used. The TCs are grouped into three secondary catchments, i.e., downstream of Vaal Dam, upstrream of Vaal dam and Wilge. It is revealed that, there are linkages in terms of mean annual runoff (MAR) between QCs; which could be complements (negative cross elasticity) or substitutes (positive cross elasticity). It is shown that cross MAR pseudo-elasticity can be translated into correlation strength between QC pairs; i.e., high cross elasticity (low catchment resilience) and low cross elasticity (high catchment resilience). Implicitly, catchment resilience is shown to be associated with the risk of vulnerability (or sustainability level) of water resources, in terms of MAR, which is generally low (or high). Besides, for each TC, the dominance (of complements or substitutes) and the global highest cross MAR elasticity are determined. The overall average cross MAR elasticity of QCs for each TC was shown to be in the zone of tolerable entropy, hence the zone of functioning resilience. This could assure that water resources remained fairly sustainable in TCs that form the secondary catchments of the Upper Vaal. Cross MAR pseudo-elasticity concept could be further extended to an intra-secondary catchment assessment. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7512798 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75127982020-11-09 Cross Mean Annual Runoff Pseudo-Elasticity of Entropy for Quaternary Catchments of the Upper Vaal Catchment in South Africa Ilunga, Masengo Entropy (Basel) Article This study focuses preliminarily on the intra-tertiary catchment (TC) assessment of cross MAR pseudo-elasticity of entropy, which determines the impact of changes in MAR for a quaternary catchment (QC) on the entropy of another (other) QC(s). The TCs of the Upper Vaal catchment were used preliminarily for this assessment and surface water resources (WR) of South Africa of 1990 (WR90), of 2005 (WR2005) and of 2012 (WR2012) data sets were used. The TCs are grouped into three secondary catchments, i.e., downstream of Vaal Dam, upstrream of Vaal dam and Wilge. It is revealed that, there are linkages in terms of mean annual runoff (MAR) between QCs; which could be complements (negative cross elasticity) or substitutes (positive cross elasticity). It is shown that cross MAR pseudo-elasticity can be translated into correlation strength between QC pairs; i.e., high cross elasticity (low catchment resilience) and low cross elasticity (high catchment resilience). Implicitly, catchment resilience is shown to be associated with the risk of vulnerability (or sustainability level) of water resources, in terms of MAR, which is generally low (or high). Besides, for each TC, the dominance (of complements or substitutes) and the global highest cross MAR elasticity are determined. The overall average cross MAR elasticity of QCs for each TC was shown to be in the zone of tolerable entropy, hence the zone of functioning resilience. This could assure that water resources remained fairly sustainable in TCs that form the secondary catchments of the Upper Vaal. Cross MAR pseudo-elasticity concept could be further extended to an intra-secondary catchment assessment. MDPI 2018-04-13 /pmc/articles/PMC7512798/ /pubmed/33265372 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e20040281 Text en © 2018 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Ilunga, Masengo Cross Mean Annual Runoff Pseudo-Elasticity of Entropy for Quaternary Catchments of the Upper Vaal Catchment in South Africa |
title | Cross Mean Annual Runoff Pseudo-Elasticity of Entropy for Quaternary Catchments of the Upper Vaal Catchment in South Africa |
title_full | Cross Mean Annual Runoff Pseudo-Elasticity of Entropy for Quaternary Catchments of the Upper Vaal Catchment in South Africa |
title_fullStr | Cross Mean Annual Runoff Pseudo-Elasticity of Entropy for Quaternary Catchments of the Upper Vaal Catchment in South Africa |
title_full_unstemmed | Cross Mean Annual Runoff Pseudo-Elasticity of Entropy for Quaternary Catchments of the Upper Vaal Catchment in South Africa |
title_short | Cross Mean Annual Runoff Pseudo-Elasticity of Entropy for Quaternary Catchments of the Upper Vaal Catchment in South Africa |
title_sort | cross mean annual runoff pseudo-elasticity of entropy for quaternary catchments of the upper vaal catchment in south africa |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7512798/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33265372 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e20040281 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT ilungamasengo crossmeanannualrunoffpseudoelasticityofentropyforquaternarycatchmentsoftheuppervaalcatchmentinsouthafrica |