Effects of Nitrogen Content on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of (Al(0.5)CrFeNiTi(0.25))N(x) High-Entropy Films by Reactive Sputtering

In this study, (Al(0.5)CrFeNiTi(0.25))N(x) high-entropy films are prepared by a reactive direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering at different N(2) flow rates on silicon wafers. It is found that the structure of (Al(0.5)CrFeNiTi(0.25))N(x) high-entropy films is amorphous, with x = 0. It transforms from amorphous to a face-centered-cubic (FCC) structure with the increase of nitrogen content, while the bulk Al(0.5)CrFeNiTi(0.25) counterpart prepared by casting features a body-centered-cubic (BCC) phase structure. The phase formation can be explained by the atomic size difference (δ). Lacking nitrogen, δ is approximately 6.4% for the five metal elements, which is relatively large and might form a BCC or ordered-BCC structure, while the metallic elements in this alloy system all have a trend to form nitrides like TiN, CrN, AlN, and FeN. Therefore, nitride components are becoming very similar in size and structure and solve each other easily, thus, an FCC (Al-Cr-Fe-Ni-Ti)N solid solution forms. The calculated value of δ is approximately 23% for this multicomponent nitride solid solution. The (Al(0.5)CrFeNiTi(0.25))N(x) films achieve a pronounced hardness and a Young’s modulus of 21.45 GPa and 253.8 GPa, respectively, which is obviously much higher than that of the as-cast Al(0.5)CrFeNiTi(0.25) bulk alloys.