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(Four) Dual Plaquette 3D Ising Models

A characteristic feature of the [Formula: see text] plaquette Ising model is its planar subsystem symmetry. The quantum version of this model has been shown to be related via a duality to the X-Cube model, which has been paradigmatic in the new and rapidly developing field of fractons. The relation...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Johnston, Desmond A., Ranasinghe, Ranasinghe P. K. C. M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7517168/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33286405
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22060633
Descripción
Sumario:A characteristic feature of the [Formula: see text] plaquette Ising model is its planar subsystem symmetry. The quantum version of this model has been shown to be related via a duality to the X-Cube model, which has been paradigmatic in the new and rapidly developing field of fractons. The relation between the [Formula: see text] plaquette Ising and the X-Cube model is similar to that between the [Formula: see text] quantum transverse spin Ising model and the Toric Code. Gauging the global symmetry in the case of the [Formula: see text] Ising model and considering the gauge invariant sector of the high temperature phase leads to the Toric Code, whereas gauging the subsystem symmetry of the [Formula: see text] quantum transverse spin plaquette Ising model leads to the X-Cube model. A non-standard dual formulation of the [Formula: see text] plaquette Ising model which utilises three flavours of spins has recently been discussed in the context of dualising the fracton-free sector of the X-Cube model. In this paper we investigate the classical spin version of this non-standard dual Hamiltonian and discuss its properties in relation to the more familiar Ashkin–Teller-like dual and further related dual formulations involving both link and vertex spins and non-Ising spins.