Clinicopathologic characteristics, pathology, and prognosis of 77 dogs with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

BACKGROUND: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a common cause of nonimmune complex glomerulopathy and the prognosis and clinicopathologic findings associated with this condition have not been described in dogs. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the presentation and identify clinical factors associated with the survival of dogs with FSGS. ANIMALS: Seventy‐seven dogs diagnosed with FSGS based on evaluation of renal biopsy samples submitted to the International Veterinary Renal Pathology Service. METHODS: Retrospective review of medical records of dogs biopsied for evaluation of proteinuria between January 2015 and May 2017. RESULTS: The incidence of FSGS among all dogs biopsied for proteinuria was 26%. Significantly more females (48; 62.3%) than males (29; 37.7%) were affected (P = .04). At the time of biopsy, median serum creatinine concentration (SCr) was 1.2 mg/dL (range, 0.3‐8.7), median serum albumin concentration (Alb) was 2.8 g/dL (range, 1.1‐4.6), median systolic blood pressure was 153.5 mm Hg (range, 95‐260), and median urine protein : creatinine ratio was 5.9 (range, 1.4‐22). Median survival time after biopsy was 258 days (range, 26‐1003) for dogs that died from all causes (n = 32). Factors that were associated with a shorter survival time included SCr ≥ 2.1 mg/dL (P < .01) and Alb < 2 g/dL (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Most dogs with FSGS were female, and although commonly hypertensive, azotemia, severe hypoalbuminemia and ascites or edema were observed infrequently. Variables significantly associated with survival time were SCr and Alb.