An appraisal of bone resorption in completely edentulous diabetic and nondiabetic patients at prospective implant site in anterior mandible using digital volumetric tomography and its correlation with glycemic control: A case–control study

PURPOSE: The prospective case–control study aimed at comparing bone resorption at prospective implant sites in anterior mandible between diabetic and nondiabetic patients using digital volumetric tomography (DVT) and establishes a correlation between glycemic control and residual ridge resorption. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty apparently healthy and 20 type 2 diabetic edentulous male patients between the age group of 55–65 years providing with written consent were recruited in the present study. First-time denture wearers were considered who were edentulous for at least 1 year. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) analysis of all individuals were done to affirm the diagnosis and quantify glycemic control. DVT of all the individuals were performed and bone height was determined at 5 prospective implant sites were determined, on the same scans Wical and Swoope method was used to determine the residual ridge resorption on the right and left side of mandible for all the individuals. The data wer tabulated and descriptive and analytical statistics were performed to compare bone resorption between diabetic and nondiabetic groups. Pearson's correlation was carried out to establish correlation between glycemic control and residual ridge resorption. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference between the bone height measurements at prospective implant sites between diabetic and nondiabetic groups. The residual ridge resorption was more in diabetics when compared to nondiabetics, and a significant moderate negative correlation existed between the glycemic control and residual ridge resorption on left (r = −0.541; P ≤ 0.001) and right (r = −0.408; P = 0.009) side of the mandible. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded from the present study that bone resorption at prospective implant sites is statistically similar in diabetics when compared to nondiabetics. Patients with poor glycemic control show increased residual ridge resorption.