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Effects of a standardized community health worker intervention on hospitalization among disadvantaged patients with multiple chronic conditions: A pooled analysis of three clinical trials

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of a standardized community health worker (CHW) intervention on hospitalization. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING: Pooled data from three randomized clinical trials (n = 1340) conducted between 2011 and 2016. STUDY DESIGN: The trials in this pooled analysis were conducted...

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Autores principales: Vasan, Aditi, Morgan, John W., Mitra, Nandita, Xu, Chang, Long, Judith A., Asch, David A., Kangovi, Shreya
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7518822/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32643163
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13321
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author Vasan, Aditi
Morgan, John W.
Mitra, Nandita
Xu, Chang
Long, Judith A.
Asch, David A.
Kangovi, Shreya
author_facet Vasan, Aditi
Morgan, John W.
Mitra, Nandita
Xu, Chang
Long, Judith A.
Asch, David A.
Kangovi, Shreya
author_sort Vasan, Aditi
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of a standardized community health worker (CHW) intervention on hospitalization. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING: Pooled data from three randomized clinical trials (n = 1340) conducted between 2011 and 2016. STUDY DESIGN: The trials in this pooled analysis were conducted across diseases and settings, with a common study design, intervention, and outcome measures. Participants were patients living in high‐poverty regions of Philadelphia and were predominantly Medicaid insured. They were randomly assigned to receive usual care versus IMPaCT, an intervention in which CHWs provide tailored social support, health behavior coaching, connection with resources, and health system navigation. Trial one (n = 446) tested two weeks of IMPaCT among hospitalized general medical patients. Trial two (n = 302) tested six months of IMPaCT among outpatients at two academic primary care clinics. Trial three (n = 592) tested six months of IMPaCT among outpatients at academic, Veterans Affairs (VA), and Federally Qualified Health Center primary care practices. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS: The primary outcome for this study was all‐cause hospitalization, as measured by total number of hospital days per patient. Hospitalization data were collected from statewide or VA databases at 30 days postenrollment in Trial 1, twelve months postenrollment in Trial 2, and nine months postenrollment in Trial 3. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Over 9398 observed patient months, the total number of hospital days per patient in the intervention group was 66 percent of the total in the control group (849 days for 674 intervention patients vs 1258 days for 660 control patients, incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.66, P < .0001). This reduction was driven by fewer hospitalizations per patient (0.27 vs 0.34, P < .0001) and shorter mean length of stay (4.72 vs 5.57 days, P = .03). The intervention also decreased rates of hospitalization outside patients' primary health system (18.8 percent vs 34.8 percent, P = .0023). CONCLUSIONS: Data from three randomized clinical trials across multiple settings show that a standardized CHW intervention reduced total hospital days and hospitalizations outside the primary health system. This is the largest analysis of randomized trials to demonstrate reductions in hospitalization with a health system‐based social intervention.
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spelling pubmed-75188222020-10-08 Effects of a standardized community health worker intervention on hospitalization among disadvantaged patients with multiple chronic conditions: A pooled analysis of three clinical trials Vasan, Aditi Morgan, John W. Mitra, Nandita Xu, Chang Long, Judith A. Asch, David A. Kangovi, Shreya Health Serv Res Theme Issue: Drivers of Health OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of a standardized community health worker (CHW) intervention on hospitalization. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING: Pooled data from three randomized clinical trials (n = 1340) conducted between 2011 and 2016. STUDY DESIGN: The trials in this pooled analysis were conducted across diseases and settings, with a common study design, intervention, and outcome measures. Participants were patients living in high‐poverty regions of Philadelphia and were predominantly Medicaid insured. They were randomly assigned to receive usual care versus IMPaCT, an intervention in which CHWs provide tailored social support, health behavior coaching, connection with resources, and health system navigation. Trial one (n = 446) tested two weeks of IMPaCT among hospitalized general medical patients. Trial two (n = 302) tested six months of IMPaCT among outpatients at two academic primary care clinics. Trial three (n = 592) tested six months of IMPaCT among outpatients at academic, Veterans Affairs (VA), and Federally Qualified Health Center primary care practices. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS: The primary outcome for this study was all‐cause hospitalization, as measured by total number of hospital days per patient. Hospitalization data were collected from statewide or VA databases at 30 days postenrollment in Trial 1, twelve months postenrollment in Trial 2, and nine months postenrollment in Trial 3. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Over 9398 observed patient months, the total number of hospital days per patient in the intervention group was 66 percent of the total in the control group (849 days for 674 intervention patients vs 1258 days for 660 control patients, incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.66, P < .0001). This reduction was driven by fewer hospitalizations per patient (0.27 vs 0.34, P < .0001) and shorter mean length of stay (4.72 vs 5.57 days, P = .03). The intervention also decreased rates of hospitalization outside patients' primary health system (18.8 percent vs 34.8 percent, P = .0023). CONCLUSIONS: Data from three randomized clinical trials across multiple settings show that a standardized CHW intervention reduced total hospital days and hospitalizations outside the primary health system. This is the largest analysis of randomized trials to demonstrate reductions in hospitalization with a health system‐based social intervention. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2020-07-08 2020-10 /pmc/articles/PMC7518822/ /pubmed/32643163 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13321 Text en © 2020 The Authors. Health Services Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Health Research and Educational Trust. This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Theme Issue: Drivers of Health
Vasan, Aditi
Morgan, John W.
Mitra, Nandita
Xu, Chang
Long, Judith A.
Asch, David A.
Kangovi, Shreya
Effects of a standardized community health worker intervention on hospitalization among disadvantaged patients with multiple chronic conditions: A pooled analysis of three clinical trials
title Effects of a standardized community health worker intervention on hospitalization among disadvantaged patients with multiple chronic conditions: A pooled analysis of three clinical trials
title_full Effects of a standardized community health worker intervention on hospitalization among disadvantaged patients with multiple chronic conditions: A pooled analysis of three clinical trials
title_fullStr Effects of a standardized community health worker intervention on hospitalization among disadvantaged patients with multiple chronic conditions: A pooled analysis of three clinical trials
title_full_unstemmed Effects of a standardized community health worker intervention on hospitalization among disadvantaged patients with multiple chronic conditions: A pooled analysis of three clinical trials
title_short Effects of a standardized community health worker intervention on hospitalization among disadvantaged patients with multiple chronic conditions: A pooled analysis of three clinical trials
title_sort effects of a standardized community health worker intervention on hospitalization among disadvantaged patients with multiple chronic conditions: a pooled analysis of three clinical trials
topic Theme Issue: Drivers of Health
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7518822/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32643163
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13321
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