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Chlorhexidine Nanoemulsion: A New Antiseptic Formulation

INTRODUCTION: Nanoparticle solutions have been studied to improve antimicrobial effect. The aim of this study was to develop, characterize, and evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antiseptic efficacy of 0.25% aqueous-based chlorhexidine nanoemulsion (NM-Cl 0.25% w/v). METHODS: The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v (2.5...

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Autores principales: Horstmann Risso, Natalia, Ottonelli Stopiglia, Cheila Denise, Oliveira, Marília Teresa, Haas, Sandra Elisa, Ramos Maciel, Tamara, Reginatto Lazzari, Natália, Kelmer, Edilson Luis, Pinto Vilela, Jorge Abrão, Beckmann, Diego Vilibaldo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Dove 2020
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Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7519836/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33061360
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S228280
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author Horstmann Risso, Natalia
Ottonelli Stopiglia, Cheila Denise
Oliveira, Marília Teresa
Haas, Sandra Elisa
Ramos Maciel, Tamara
Reginatto Lazzari, Natália
Kelmer, Edilson Luis
Pinto Vilela, Jorge Abrão
Beckmann, Diego Vilibaldo
author_facet Horstmann Risso, Natalia
Ottonelli Stopiglia, Cheila Denise
Oliveira, Marília Teresa
Haas, Sandra Elisa
Ramos Maciel, Tamara
Reginatto Lazzari, Natália
Kelmer, Edilson Luis
Pinto Vilela, Jorge Abrão
Beckmann, Diego Vilibaldo
author_sort Horstmann Risso, Natalia
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: Nanoparticle solutions have been studied to improve antimicrobial effect. The aim of this study was to develop, characterize, and evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antiseptic efficacy of 0.25% aqueous-based chlorhexidine nanoemulsion (NM-Cl 0.25% w/v). METHODS: The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v (2.5mg/mL) and free chlorhexidine nanoemulsion (FCN; same composition of NM-Cl without the molecule of chlorhexidine) were synthetized by the spontaneous emulsification method. Characterization analyses of physical and chemical properties were performed. The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v was compared with chlorhexidine 0.5% alcohol base (CS-Cl 0.5%) in vitro studies (microdilution study and kill curve study), and in vivo study (antisepsis of rats dorsum). Kruskal–Wallis test was used between groups and inside the same group, at different sample times and the Mann–Whitney test was performed when difference was detected. RESULTS: The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v presented adequate physicochemical characteristics for a nanoemulsion, revealing a more basic pH than FCN and difference between zeta potential of NM-Cl 0.25% w/v and FCN. The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v and CS-Cl 0.5% solutions were more effective on Gram-positive than on Gram-negative bacteria (p≤0.05). NM-Cl 0.25% w/v presented upper antiseptic effect in the microdilution study and residual antiseptic effect was maintained for a longer time when compared to CS-Cl 0.5% (kill curve study). The four-fold (minimal inhibitory concentration) of NM-Cl 0.25% were the formulations with most durable effect within those tested, presenting residual effect until T6 for both bacteria. In the in vivo study, both formulations (NM-Cl 0.25% w/v and CS-Cl 0.5%) had a reduction of the microorganisms in the skin of the rats (p<0.0001) not revealing any difference between the formulations at different times, showing the antiseptic effect of NM-Cl (p≤0.05). CONCLUSION: Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that NM-Cl showed promising future as an antiseptic for cutaneous microbiota.
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spelling pubmed-75198362020-10-14 Chlorhexidine Nanoemulsion: A New Antiseptic Formulation Horstmann Risso, Natalia Ottonelli Stopiglia, Cheila Denise Oliveira, Marília Teresa Haas, Sandra Elisa Ramos Maciel, Tamara Reginatto Lazzari, Natália Kelmer, Edilson Luis Pinto Vilela, Jorge Abrão Beckmann, Diego Vilibaldo Int J Nanomedicine Original Research INTRODUCTION: Nanoparticle solutions have been studied to improve antimicrobial effect. The aim of this study was to develop, characterize, and evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antiseptic efficacy of 0.25% aqueous-based chlorhexidine nanoemulsion (NM-Cl 0.25% w/v). METHODS: The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v (2.5mg/mL) and free chlorhexidine nanoemulsion (FCN; same composition of NM-Cl without the molecule of chlorhexidine) were synthetized by the spontaneous emulsification method. Characterization analyses of physical and chemical properties were performed. The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v was compared with chlorhexidine 0.5% alcohol base (CS-Cl 0.5%) in vitro studies (microdilution study and kill curve study), and in vivo study (antisepsis of rats dorsum). Kruskal–Wallis test was used between groups and inside the same group, at different sample times and the Mann–Whitney test was performed when difference was detected. RESULTS: The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v presented adequate physicochemical characteristics for a nanoemulsion, revealing a more basic pH than FCN and difference between zeta potential of NM-Cl 0.25% w/v and FCN. The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v and CS-Cl 0.5% solutions were more effective on Gram-positive than on Gram-negative bacteria (p≤0.05). NM-Cl 0.25% w/v presented upper antiseptic effect in the microdilution study and residual antiseptic effect was maintained for a longer time when compared to CS-Cl 0.5% (kill curve study). The four-fold (minimal inhibitory concentration) of NM-Cl 0.25% were the formulations with most durable effect within those tested, presenting residual effect until T6 for both bacteria. In the in vivo study, both formulations (NM-Cl 0.25% w/v and CS-Cl 0.5%) had a reduction of the microorganisms in the skin of the rats (p<0.0001) not revealing any difference between the formulations at different times, showing the antiseptic effect of NM-Cl (p≤0.05). CONCLUSION: Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that NM-Cl showed promising future as an antiseptic for cutaneous microbiota. Dove 2020-09-22 /pmc/articles/PMC7519836/ /pubmed/33061360 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S228280 Text en © 2020 Horstmann Risso et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).
spellingShingle Original Research
Horstmann Risso, Natalia
Ottonelli Stopiglia, Cheila Denise
Oliveira, Marília Teresa
Haas, Sandra Elisa
Ramos Maciel, Tamara
Reginatto Lazzari, Natália
Kelmer, Edilson Luis
Pinto Vilela, Jorge Abrão
Beckmann, Diego Vilibaldo
Chlorhexidine Nanoemulsion: A New Antiseptic Formulation
title Chlorhexidine Nanoemulsion: A New Antiseptic Formulation
title_full Chlorhexidine Nanoemulsion: A New Antiseptic Formulation
title_fullStr Chlorhexidine Nanoemulsion: A New Antiseptic Formulation
title_full_unstemmed Chlorhexidine Nanoemulsion: A New Antiseptic Formulation
title_short Chlorhexidine Nanoemulsion: A New Antiseptic Formulation
title_sort chlorhexidine nanoemulsion: a new antiseptic formulation
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7519836/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33061360
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S228280
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