Clinico-radiological-pathological correlation in eumycetoma spectrum: Case series

Maduramycosis or mycetoma is one of the chronic granulomatous diseases commonly seen in tropical regions. Microbiological cultures and biopsy are carried out for the definitive diagnosis of the disease, but they are time-consuming methods. The present study aims to correlate clinical, radiological and pathological features in eumycetoma cases to emphasize the role of “dot in circle” sign leading to early imaging-based diagnosis. Imaging plays an important role in early diagnosis of mycetoma, which has therapeutic implications. “Dot in circle” sign is a recently described sign in mycetoma cases on ultrasound (USG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We diagnosed four cases of eumycetoma based on clinical and imaging features, which were confirmed with histopathology. The differential diagnosis, which may mimic this sign is also discussed. The “dot in circle” sign is seen on both ultrasound and MRI. This sign is highly specific for mycetomas. Knowledge of this sign can help in early diagnosis of mycetomas preventing misdiagnosis and further complications.