Zinc attenuates ecstasy-induced apoptosis through downregulation of caspase-3 in cultured TM3 cells: An experimental study

BACKGROUND: 3, 4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is commonly known as the most famous amphetamine derivative. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of zinc on MDMA-induced apoptosis and caspase- 3 gene expression in Leydig cell line (TM3). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Leydig cells were studied in differenet treatment groups regarding MDMA (0, 0.5, 1, 3, 5 mM) and zinc (0, 4, 8, 16, 32 μM). By the way, the effective concentration was determined to be 5 mM for MDMA and 8 μM for zinc. Then, TM3 cells were cultured in free medium as control (group I), medium containing MDMA (5 mM) (group II), zinc (8 µM) (group III), and zinc (8 µM) prior to MDMA (5 mM) (group IV) as well as in an untreated group (control). Cell viability was assessed at different times after cell culture by MTT assay. The mRNA expression level of caspase-3 was analyzed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The cellular viability was significantly reduced in TM3 cells after 24 hr and 48 hr exposure time regarding different concentrations of MDMA as well as high concentration of zinc (16 and 32 μM). Cell viability was increased in the group that received zinc (8 µM) before addition of MDMA (5 mM) compared to the control and MDMA groups. The mean [Formula: see text] SE of fold was 22.40 [Formula: see text] 7.5, 0.06 [Formula: see text] 0.02, and 0.009 [Formula: see text] 0.003 in MDMA, zinc, and zinc + MDMA groups, respectively. The mean of caspase-3 mRNA level was significantly increased in the MDMA-treated group (5 mM), while the relative expression of caspase-3 gene was significantly decreased in the zinc (8 µM) + MDMA (5 mM) group compared with the MDMA (5 mM) group (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Dietary intake of zinc has a protective effect against MDMA consumption in mouse.