A Case of Carcinosarcoma of the Breast Presenting as Inflammatory Carcinoma and Review of the Literature

Carcinosarcoma, also known as metaplastic carcinoma, is a rare and aggressive malignant tumor. We report a case of metaplastic carcinoma presenting as inflammatory carcinoma and provide a review of the related literature. A 38-year-old breastfeeding woman presented with concerns about a painful lump in her left breast. The symptoms had been present for two months. After admission to the hospital, the triple assessment revealed findings consistent with inflammatory carcinoma of the breast. The patient underwent modified radical mastectomy. Histopathological examination revealed a gray-white tumor with a biphasic pattern with features of ductal carcinoma as well as squamous and sarcomatous differentiation. On immunohistochemistry, the neoplastic cells were positive for cytokeratin and vimentin, and focally positive for smooth muscle antigen (SMA) and negative for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER-2/neu). Based on histological and immunohistochemical findings, the tumor was diagnosed as carcinosarcoma. Four of eighteen dissected axillary lymph nodes were positive for metastasis. Carcinosarcoma is often a triple-negative tumor. The lack of standardized treatment protocols frequently leads to poor prognosis and can pose a diagnostic dilemma; it should be part of the differential diagnosis for a case of carcinoma of the breast presenting as inflammatory carcinoma.