Cargando…

An Overview of Cancer Prevention: Chemoprevention and Immunoprevention

Cancer prevention encompasses a broad spectrum of strategies designed to lower the chance of developing cancer and reduce the morbidity of established cancer. There are three levels of cancer prevention. Eliminating or mitigating cancer risk factors by adopting healthy behaviors and lifestyles, such...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Gu, Kyle J., Li, Guojun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Korean Society of Cancer Prevention 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7523034/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33033707
http://dx.doi.org/10.15430/JCP.2020.25.3.127
_version_ 1783588309926150144
author Gu, Kyle J.
Li, Guojun
author_facet Gu, Kyle J.
Li, Guojun
author_sort Gu, Kyle J.
collection PubMed
description Cancer prevention encompasses a broad spectrum of strategies designed to lower the chance of developing cancer and reduce the morbidity of established cancer. There are three levels of cancer prevention. Eliminating or mitigating cancer risk factors by adopting healthy behaviors and lifestyles, such as avoiding tobacco and alcohol use, exercising, eating a healthy diet, and applying sunscreen to protect against UV exposure, belongs to primary prevention and is the easiest and most effective way of preventing cancer for the general public. Secondary prevention includes screening to identify precancerous lesions and taking intervention measures to prevent disease progression to malignancy. Tertiary prevention refers to reducing or controlling the symptoms and morbidity of established cancer or the morbidity caused by cancer therapy. For high-risk populations, chemopreventive agents, such as selective estrogen receptor modulators (including tamoxifan and raloxifene) in breast cancer prevention and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (aspirin) in colorectal cancer prevention, and immunoprevention using human papillomavirus and hepatitis B virus vaccines in infection-related cancers have shown clear clinical benefits of reducing cancer incidences. In this review, we will summarize the current status of cancer prevention, focusing on the major agents that are clinically used for chemoprevention and immunoprevention.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7523034
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2020
publisher Korean Society of Cancer Prevention
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-75230342020-10-07 An Overview of Cancer Prevention: Chemoprevention and Immunoprevention Gu, Kyle J. Li, Guojun J Cancer Prev Review Cancer prevention encompasses a broad spectrum of strategies designed to lower the chance of developing cancer and reduce the morbidity of established cancer. There are three levels of cancer prevention. Eliminating or mitigating cancer risk factors by adopting healthy behaviors and lifestyles, such as avoiding tobacco and alcohol use, exercising, eating a healthy diet, and applying sunscreen to protect against UV exposure, belongs to primary prevention and is the easiest and most effective way of preventing cancer for the general public. Secondary prevention includes screening to identify precancerous lesions and taking intervention measures to prevent disease progression to malignancy. Tertiary prevention refers to reducing or controlling the symptoms and morbidity of established cancer or the morbidity caused by cancer therapy. For high-risk populations, chemopreventive agents, such as selective estrogen receptor modulators (including tamoxifan and raloxifene) in breast cancer prevention and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (aspirin) in colorectal cancer prevention, and immunoprevention using human papillomavirus and hepatitis B virus vaccines in infection-related cancers have shown clear clinical benefits of reducing cancer incidences. In this review, we will summarize the current status of cancer prevention, focusing on the major agents that are clinically used for chemoprevention and immunoprevention. Korean Society of Cancer Prevention 2020-09-30 2020-09-30 /pmc/articles/PMC7523034/ /pubmed/33033707 http://dx.doi.org/10.15430/JCP.2020.25.3.127 Text en Copyright © 2020 Korean Society of Cancer Prevention This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review
Gu, Kyle J.
Li, Guojun
An Overview of Cancer Prevention: Chemoprevention and Immunoprevention
title An Overview of Cancer Prevention: Chemoprevention and Immunoprevention
title_full An Overview of Cancer Prevention: Chemoprevention and Immunoprevention
title_fullStr An Overview of Cancer Prevention: Chemoprevention and Immunoprevention
title_full_unstemmed An Overview of Cancer Prevention: Chemoprevention and Immunoprevention
title_short An Overview of Cancer Prevention: Chemoprevention and Immunoprevention
title_sort overview of cancer prevention: chemoprevention and immunoprevention
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7523034/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33033707
http://dx.doi.org/10.15430/JCP.2020.25.3.127
work_keys_str_mv AT gukylej anoverviewofcancerpreventionchemopreventionandimmunoprevention
AT liguojun anoverviewofcancerpreventionchemopreventionandimmunoprevention
AT gukylej overviewofcancerpreventionchemopreventionandimmunoprevention
AT liguojun overviewofcancerpreventionchemopreventionandimmunoprevention