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Behavior change due to COVID-19 among dental academics—The theory of planned behavior: Stresses, worries, training, and pandemic severity

OBJECTIVE: COVID-19 pandemic led to major life changes. We assessed the psychological impact of COVID-19 on dental academics globally and on changes in their behaviors. METHODS: We invited dental academics to complete a cross-sectional, online survey from March to May 2020. The survey was based on t...

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Autores principales: Ammar, Nour, Aly, Nourhan M., Folayan, Morenike O., Khader, Yousef, Virtanen, Jorma I., Al-Batayneh, Ola B., Mohebbi, Simin Z., Attia, Sameh, Howaldt, Hans-Peter, Boettger, Sebastian, Maharani, Diah A., Rahardjo, Anton, Khan, Imran, Madi, Marwa, Rashwan, Maher, Pavlic, Verica, Cicmil, Smiljka, Choi, Youn-Hee, Joury, Easter, Castillo, Jorge L., Noritake, Kanako, Shamala, Anas, Galluccio, Gabriella, Polimeni, Antonella, Phantumvanit, Prathip, Mancino, Davide, Kim, Jin-Bom, Abdelsalam, Maha M., Arheiam, Arheiam, Dama, Mai A., Nyan, Myat, Hussein, Iyad, Alkeshan, Mohammad M., Vukovic, Ana P., Iandolo, Alfredo, Kemoli, Arthur M., El Tantawi, Maha
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7523990/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32991611
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239961
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author Ammar, Nour
Aly, Nourhan M.
Folayan, Morenike O.
Khader, Yousef
Virtanen, Jorma I.
Al-Batayneh, Ola B.
Mohebbi, Simin Z.
Attia, Sameh
Howaldt, Hans-Peter
Boettger, Sebastian
Maharani, Diah A.
Rahardjo, Anton
Khan, Imran
Madi, Marwa
Rashwan, Maher
Pavlic, Verica
Cicmil, Smiljka
Choi, Youn-Hee
Joury, Easter
Castillo, Jorge L.
Noritake, Kanako
Shamala, Anas
Galluccio, Gabriella
Polimeni, Antonella
Phantumvanit, Prathip
Mancino, Davide
Kim, Jin-Bom
Abdelsalam, Maha M.
Arheiam, Arheiam
Dama, Mai A.
Nyan, Myat
Hussein, Iyad
Alkeshan, Mohammad M.
Vukovic, Ana P.
Iandolo, Alfredo
Kemoli, Arthur M.
El Tantawi, Maha
author_facet Ammar, Nour
Aly, Nourhan M.
Folayan, Morenike O.
Khader, Yousef
Virtanen, Jorma I.
Al-Batayneh, Ola B.
Mohebbi, Simin Z.
Attia, Sameh
Howaldt, Hans-Peter
Boettger, Sebastian
Maharani, Diah A.
Rahardjo, Anton
Khan, Imran
Madi, Marwa
Rashwan, Maher
Pavlic, Verica
Cicmil, Smiljka
Choi, Youn-Hee
Joury, Easter
Castillo, Jorge L.
Noritake, Kanako
Shamala, Anas
Galluccio, Gabriella
Polimeni, Antonella
Phantumvanit, Prathip
Mancino, Davide
Kim, Jin-Bom
Abdelsalam, Maha M.
Arheiam, Arheiam
Dama, Mai A.
Nyan, Myat
Hussein, Iyad
Alkeshan, Mohammad M.
Vukovic, Ana P.
Iandolo, Alfredo
Kemoli, Arthur M.
El Tantawi, Maha
author_sort Ammar, Nour
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVE: COVID-19 pandemic led to major life changes. We assessed the psychological impact of COVID-19 on dental academics globally and on changes in their behaviors. METHODS: We invited dental academics to complete a cross-sectional, online survey from March to May 2020. The survey was based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The survey collected data on participants’ stress levels (using the Impact of Event Scale), attitude (fears, and worries because of COVID-19 extracted by Principal Component Analysis (PCA), perceived control (resulting from training on public health emergencies), norms (country-level COVID-19 fatality rate), and personal and professional backgrounds. We used multilevel regression models to assess the association between the study outcome variables (frequent handwashing and avoidance of crowded places) and explanatory variables (stress, attitude, perceived control and norms). RESULTS: 1862 academics from 28 countries participated in the survey (response rate = 11.3%). Of those, 53.4% were female, 32.9% were <46 years old and 9.9% had severe stress. PCA extracted three main factors: fear of infection, worries because of professional responsibilities, and worries because of restricted mobility. These factors had significant dose-dependent association with stress and were significantly associated with more frequent handwashing by dental academics (B = 0.56, 0.33, and 0.34) and avoiding crowded places (B = 0.55, 0.30, and 0.28). Low country fatality rates were significantly associated with more handwashing (B = -2.82) and avoiding crowded places (B = -6.61). Training on public health emergencies was not significantly associated with behavior change (B = -0.01 and -0.11). CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 had a considerable psychological impact on dental academics. There was a direct, dose-dependent association between change in behaviors and worries but no association between these changes and training on public health emergencies. More change in behaviors was associated with lower country COVID-19 fatality rates. Fears and stresses were associated with greater adoption of preventive measures against the pandemic.
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spelling pubmed-75239902020-10-06 Behavior change due to COVID-19 among dental academics—The theory of planned behavior: Stresses, worries, training, and pandemic severity Ammar, Nour Aly, Nourhan M. Folayan, Morenike O. Khader, Yousef Virtanen, Jorma I. Al-Batayneh, Ola B. Mohebbi, Simin Z. Attia, Sameh Howaldt, Hans-Peter Boettger, Sebastian Maharani, Diah A. Rahardjo, Anton Khan, Imran Madi, Marwa Rashwan, Maher Pavlic, Verica Cicmil, Smiljka Choi, Youn-Hee Joury, Easter Castillo, Jorge L. Noritake, Kanako Shamala, Anas Galluccio, Gabriella Polimeni, Antonella Phantumvanit, Prathip Mancino, Davide Kim, Jin-Bom Abdelsalam, Maha M. Arheiam, Arheiam Dama, Mai A. Nyan, Myat Hussein, Iyad Alkeshan, Mohammad M. Vukovic, Ana P. Iandolo, Alfredo Kemoli, Arthur M. El Tantawi, Maha PLoS One Research Article OBJECTIVE: COVID-19 pandemic led to major life changes. We assessed the psychological impact of COVID-19 on dental academics globally and on changes in their behaviors. METHODS: We invited dental academics to complete a cross-sectional, online survey from March to May 2020. The survey was based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The survey collected data on participants’ stress levels (using the Impact of Event Scale), attitude (fears, and worries because of COVID-19 extracted by Principal Component Analysis (PCA), perceived control (resulting from training on public health emergencies), norms (country-level COVID-19 fatality rate), and personal and professional backgrounds. We used multilevel regression models to assess the association between the study outcome variables (frequent handwashing and avoidance of crowded places) and explanatory variables (stress, attitude, perceived control and norms). RESULTS: 1862 academics from 28 countries participated in the survey (response rate = 11.3%). Of those, 53.4% were female, 32.9% were <46 years old and 9.9% had severe stress. PCA extracted three main factors: fear of infection, worries because of professional responsibilities, and worries because of restricted mobility. These factors had significant dose-dependent association with stress and were significantly associated with more frequent handwashing by dental academics (B = 0.56, 0.33, and 0.34) and avoiding crowded places (B = 0.55, 0.30, and 0.28). Low country fatality rates were significantly associated with more handwashing (B = -2.82) and avoiding crowded places (B = -6.61). Training on public health emergencies was not significantly associated with behavior change (B = -0.01 and -0.11). CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 had a considerable psychological impact on dental academics. There was a direct, dose-dependent association between change in behaviors and worries but no association between these changes and training on public health emergencies. More change in behaviors was associated with lower country COVID-19 fatality rates. Fears and stresses were associated with greater adoption of preventive measures against the pandemic. Public Library of Science 2020-09-29 /pmc/articles/PMC7523990/ /pubmed/32991611 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239961 Text en © 2020 Ammar et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Ammar, Nour
Aly, Nourhan M.
Folayan, Morenike O.
Khader, Yousef
Virtanen, Jorma I.
Al-Batayneh, Ola B.
Mohebbi, Simin Z.
Attia, Sameh
Howaldt, Hans-Peter
Boettger, Sebastian
Maharani, Diah A.
Rahardjo, Anton
Khan, Imran
Madi, Marwa
Rashwan, Maher
Pavlic, Verica
Cicmil, Smiljka
Choi, Youn-Hee
Joury, Easter
Castillo, Jorge L.
Noritake, Kanako
Shamala, Anas
Galluccio, Gabriella
Polimeni, Antonella
Phantumvanit, Prathip
Mancino, Davide
Kim, Jin-Bom
Abdelsalam, Maha M.
Arheiam, Arheiam
Dama, Mai A.
Nyan, Myat
Hussein, Iyad
Alkeshan, Mohammad M.
Vukovic, Ana P.
Iandolo, Alfredo
Kemoli, Arthur M.
El Tantawi, Maha
Behavior change due to COVID-19 among dental academics—The theory of planned behavior: Stresses, worries, training, and pandemic severity
title Behavior change due to COVID-19 among dental academics—The theory of planned behavior: Stresses, worries, training, and pandemic severity
title_full Behavior change due to COVID-19 among dental academics—The theory of planned behavior: Stresses, worries, training, and pandemic severity
title_fullStr Behavior change due to COVID-19 among dental academics—The theory of planned behavior: Stresses, worries, training, and pandemic severity
title_full_unstemmed Behavior change due to COVID-19 among dental academics—The theory of planned behavior: Stresses, worries, training, and pandemic severity
title_short Behavior change due to COVID-19 among dental academics—The theory of planned behavior: Stresses, worries, training, and pandemic severity
title_sort behavior change due to covid-19 among dental academics—the theory of planned behavior: stresses, worries, training, and pandemic severity
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7523990/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32991611
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239961
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