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Understanding and comparing HIV-related law and policy environments: cross-national data and accountability for the global AIDS response

Law and policy differences help explain why, as HIV-related science has advanced swiftly, some countries have realised remarkable progress on AIDS while others see expanding epidemics. We describe the structure and findings of a new dataset and research platform, the HIV Policy Lab, which fills an i...

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Autores principales: Kavanagh, Matthew M, Graeden, Ellie, Pillinger, Mara, Singh, Renu, Eaneff, Stephanie, Bendaud, Victoria, Gustav, Rico, Erkkola, Taavi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BMJ Publishing Group 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7528353/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32999052
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003695
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author Kavanagh, Matthew M
Graeden, Ellie
Pillinger, Mara
Singh, Renu
Eaneff, Stephanie
Bendaud, Victoria
Gustav, Rico
Erkkola, Taavi
author_facet Kavanagh, Matthew M
Graeden, Ellie
Pillinger, Mara
Singh, Renu
Eaneff, Stephanie
Bendaud, Victoria
Gustav, Rico
Erkkola, Taavi
author_sort Kavanagh, Matthew M
collection PubMed
description Law and policy differences help explain why, as HIV-related science has advanced swiftly, some countries have realised remarkable progress on AIDS while others see expanding epidemics. We describe the structure and findings of a new dataset and research platform, the HIV Policy Lab, which fills an important knowledge gap by measuring the HIV-related policy environment across 33 indicators and 194 countries over time, with online access and visualisation. Cross-national indicators can be critical tools in international governance—building social power to monitor state behaviour with the potential to change policy and improve domestic accountability. This new and evolving effort collects data about policy through review of legal documents, official government reports and systematic review of secondary sources. Alignment between national policy environments and global norms is demonstrated through comparison with international public health guidance and agreements. We demonstrate substantial variation in the content of law and policies between countries, regions and policy areas. Given progress in basic and implementation science, it would be tempting to believe most countries have adopted policies aligned with global norms, with a few outliers. Data show this is not the case. Globally, alignment is higher on clinical and treatment policies than on prevention, testing and structural policies. Policy-makers, researchers, civil society, finance agencies and others can use these data to better understand the policy environment within and across countries and support reform. Longitudinal analysis enables evaluation of the impact of laws and policies on HIV outcomes and research about the political drivers of policy choice.
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spelling pubmed-75283532020-10-19 Understanding and comparing HIV-related law and policy environments: cross-national data and accountability for the global AIDS response Kavanagh, Matthew M Graeden, Ellie Pillinger, Mara Singh, Renu Eaneff, Stephanie Bendaud, Victoria Gustav, Rico Erkkola, Taavi BMJ Glob Health Practice Law and policy differences help explain why, as HIV-related science has advanced swiftly, some countries have realised remarkable progress on AIDS while others see expanding epidemics. We describe the structure and findings of a new dataset and research platform, the HIV Policy Lab, which fills an important knowledge gap by measuring the HIV-related policy environment across 33 indicators and 194 countries over time, with online access and visualisation. Cross-national indicators can be critical tools in international governance—building social power to monitor state behaviour with the potential to change policy and improve domestic accountability. This new and evolving effort collects data about policy through review of legal documents, official government reports and systematic review of secondary sources. Alignment between national policy environments and global norms is demonstrated through comparison with international public health guidance and agreements. We demonstrate substantial variation in the content of law and policies between countries, regions and policy areas. Given progress in basic and implementation science, it would be tempting to believe most countries have adopted policies aligned with global norms, with a few outliers. Data show this is not the case. Globally, alignment is higher on clinical and treatment policies than on prevention, testing and structural policies. Policy-makers, researchers, civil society, finance agencies and others can use these data to better understand the policy environment within and across countries and support reform. Longitudinal analysis enables evaluation of the impact of laws and policies on HIV outcomes and research about the political drivers of policy choice. BMJ Publishing Group 2020-09-29 /pmc/articles/PMC7528353/ /pubmed/32999052 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003695 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
spellingShingle Practice
Kavanagh, Matthew M
Graeden, Ellie
Pillinger, Mara
Singh, Renu
Eaneff, Stephanie
Bendaud, Victoria
Gustav, Rico
Erkkola, Taavi
Understanding and comparing HIV-related law and policy environments: cross-national data and accountability for the global AIDS response
title Understanding and comparing HIV-related law and policy environments: cross-national data and accountability for the global AIDS response
title_full Understanding and comparing HIV-related law and policy environments: cross-national data and accountability for the global AIDS response
title_fullStr Understanding and comparing HIV-related law and policy environments: cross-national data and accountability for the global AIDS response
title_full_unstemmed Understanding and comparing HIV-related law and policy environments: cross-national data and accountability for the global AIDS response
title_short Understanding and comparing HIV-related law and policy environments: cross-national data and accountability for the global AIDS response
title_sort understanding and comparing hiv-related law and policy environments: cross-national data and accountability for the global aids response
topic Practice
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7528353/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32999052
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003695
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