Evolution of pore structure and fractal characteristics of marine shale during electromagnetic radiation

Electromagnetic radiation has been proposed to non-aqueously stimulate shale formations, which can generate fractures and enhance the porosity of the matrix. The proposed method consumes electricity and thereby possesses significant advantages for sustainable and environmental hydrocarbon production. In this study, we investigate the pore structure variations of marine shale during electromagnetic radiation. First, the prepared marine shale samples are exposed to electromagnetic radiation for different times; an infrared thermometer monitors the temperatures. Then, the nitrogen adsorption/desorption technique is applied to examine the evolutions of the pore structure. Next, a scanning electron microscope is adopted to reveal the morphology and identify newly developed pores. Lastly, fractal analyses are performed to quantify pore structure variations. The sample exhibits quick temperature rises, whose temperature reaches about 300 °C after 5 min of electromagnetic radiation. The elevated temperature causes clay dehydration, thermal expansion, and organic matter decomposition, leading to significant changes in pore structures. The nitrogen adsorption/desorption characteristics demonstrate enhancements in pore spaces, including volume, size, and surface area. Fractal analyses show that the pores become rougher and exhibit less heterogeneity after electromagnetic radiation. The obtained results demonstrate a great potential of using electromagnetic radiation to enhance the porosity of shale rocks.