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Laboratory surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in India: Performance of testing & descriptive epidemiology of detected COVID-19, January 22 - April 30, 2020
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: India has been reporting the cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) since January 30, 2020. The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) formulated and established laboratory surveillance for COVID-19. In this study, an analysis of the surveillance data was done t...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Wolters Kluwer - Medknow
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7530445/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32611914 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1896_20 |
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author | Abraham, Priya Aggarwal, Neeraj Babu, Giridhara R. Barani, Suganya Bhargava, Balram Bhatnagar, Tarun Dhama, Ajay Singh Gangakhedkar, Raman R. Giri, Sidhartha Gupta, Nivedita Kurup, Karishma K. Manickam, Ponnaiah Murhekar, Manoj Potdar, Varsha Praharaj, Ira Rade, Kiran Reddy, D.C.S. Saravanakumar, V. Shah, Naman Singh, Harpreet Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley Vivian Yadav, Naveen |
author_facet | Abraham, Priya Aggarwal, Neeraj Babu, Giridhara R. Barani, Suganya Bhargava, Balram Bhatnagar, Tarun Dhama, Ajay Singh Gangakhedkar, Raman R. Giri, Sidhartha Gupta, Nivedita Kurup, Karishma K. Manickam, Ponnaiah Murhekar, Manoj Potdar, Varsha Praharaj, Ira Rade, Kiran Reddy, D.C.S. Saravanakumar, V. Shah, Naman Singh, Harpreet Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley Vivian Yadav, Naveen |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: India has been reporting the cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) since January 30, 2020. The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) formulated and established laboratory surveillance for COVID-19. In this study, an analysis of the surveillance data was done to describe the testing performance and descriptive epidemiology of COVID-19 cases by time, place and person. METHODS: The data were extracted from January 22 to April 30, 2020. The frequencies of testing performance were described over time and by place. We described cases by time (epidemic curve by date of specimen collection; seven-day moving average), place (area map) and person (attack rate by age, sex and contact status), and trends were represented along with public health measures and events. RESULTS: Between January 22 and April 30, 2020, a total of 1,021,518 individuals were tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Testing increased from about 250 individuals per day in the beginning of March to 50,000 specimens per day by the end of April 2020. Overall, 40,184 (3.9%) tests were reported positive. The proportion of positive cases was highest among symptomatic and asymptomatic contacts, 2-3-fold higher than among those with severe acute respiratory infection, or those with an international travel history or healthcare workers. The attack rate (per million) by age was highest among those aged 50-69 yr (63.3) and was lowest among those under 10 yr (6.1). The attack rate was higher among males (41.6) than females (24.3). The secondary attack rate was 6.0 per cent. Overall, 99.0 per cent of 736 districts reported testing and 71.1 per cent reported COVID-19 cases. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: The coverage and frequency of ICMR's laboratory surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 improved over time. COVID-19 was reported from most parts of India, and the attack rate was more among men and the elderly and common among close contacts. Analysis of the data indicates that for further insight, additional surveillance tools and strategies at the national and sub-national levels are needed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7530445 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Wolters Kluwer - Medknow |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75304452020-10-13 Laboratory surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in India: Performance of testing & descriptive epidemiology of detected COVID-19, January 22 - April 30, 2020 Abraham, Priya Aggarwal, Neeraj Babu, Giridhara R. Barani, Suganya Bhargava, Balram Bhatnagar, Tarun Dhama, Ajay Singh Gangakhedkar, Raman R. Giri, Sidhartha Gupta, Nivedita Kurup, Karishma K. Manickam, Ponnaiah Murhekar, Manoj Potdar, Varsha Praharaj, Ira Rade, Kiran Reddy, D.C.S. Saravanakumar, V. Shah, Naman Singh, Harpreet Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley Vivian Yadav, Naveen Indian J Med Res Original Article BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: India has been reporting the cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) since January 30, 2020. The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) formulated and established laboratory surveillance for COVID-19. In this study, an analysis of the surveillance data was done to describe the testing performance and descriptive epidemiology of COVID-19 cases by time, place and person. METHODS: The data were extracted from January 22 to April 30, 2020. The frequencies of testing performance were described over time and by place. We described cases by time (epidemic curve by date of specimen collection; seven-day moving average), place (area map) and person (attack rate by age, sex and contact status), and trends were represented along with public health measures and events. RESULTS: Between January 22 and April 30, 2020, a total of 1,021,518 individuals were tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Testing increased from about 250 individuals per day in the beginning of March to 50,000 specimens per day by the end of April 2020. Overall, 40,184 (3.9%) tests were reported positive. The proportion of positive cases was highest among symptomatic and asymptomatic contacts, 2-3-fold higher than among those with severe acute respiratory infection, or those with an international travel history or healthcare workers. The attack rate (per million) by age was highest among those aged 50-69 yr (63.3) and was lowest among those under 10 yr (6.1). The attack rate was higher among males (41.6) than females (24.3). The secondary attack rate was 6.0 per cent. Overall, 99.0 per cent of 736 districts reported testing and 71.1 per cent reported COVID-19 cases. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: The coverage and frequency of ICMR's laboratory surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 improved over time. COVID-19 was reported from most parts of India, and the attack rate was more among men and the elderly and common among close contacts. Analysis of the data indicates that for further insight, additional surveillance tools and strategies at the national and sub-national levels are needed. Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 2020-05 /pmc/articles/PMC7530445/ /pubmed/32611914 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1896_20 Text en Copyright: © 2020 Indian Journal of Medical Research http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Abraham, Priya Aggarwal, Neeraj Babu, Giridhara R. Barani, Suganya Bhargava, Balram Bhatnagar, Tarun Dhama, Ajay Singh Gangakhedkar, Raman R. Giri, Sidhartha Gupta, Nivedita Kurup, Karishma K. Manickam, Ponnaiah Murhekar, Manoj Potdar, Varsha Praharaj, Ira Rade, Kiran Reddy, D.C.S. Saravanakumar, V. Shah, Naman Singh, Harpreet Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley Vivian Yadav, Naveen Laboratory surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in India: Performance of testing & descriptive epidemiology of detected COVID-19, January 22 - April 30, 2020 |
title | Laboratory surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in India: Performance of testing & descriptive epidemiology of detected COVID-19, January 22 - April 30, 2020 |
title_full | Laboratory surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in India: Performance of testing & descriptive epidemiology of detected COVID-19, January 22 - April 30, 2020 |
title_fullStr | Laboratory surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in India: Performance of testing & descriptive epidemiology of detected COVID-19, January 22 - April 30, 2020 |
title_full_unstemmed | Laboratory surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in India: Performance of testing & descriptive epidemiology of detected COVID-19, January 22 - April 30, 2020 |
title_short | Laboratory surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in India: Performance of testing & descriptive epidemiology of detected COVID-19, January 22 - April 30, 2020 |
title_sort | laboratory surveillance for sars-cov-2 in india: performance of testing & descriptive epidemiology of detected covid-19, january 22 - april 30, 2020 |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7530445/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32611914 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1896_20 |
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