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Explosive-effusive volcanic eruption transitions caused by sintering

Silicic volcanic activity has long been framed as either violently explosive or gently effusive. However, recent observations demonstrate that explosive and effusive behavior can occur simultaneously. Here, we propose that rhyolitic magma feeding subaerial eruptions generally fragments during ascent...

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Autores principales: Wadsworth, Fabian B., Llewellin, Edward W., Vasseur, Jérémie, Gardner, James E., Tuffen, Hugh
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Association for the Advancement of Science 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7531874/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32967820
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba7940
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author Wadsworth, Fabian B.
Llewellin, Edward W.
Vasseur, Jérémie
Gardner, James E.
Tuffen, Hugh
author_facet Wadsworth, Fabian B.
Llewellin, Edward W.
Vasseur, Jérémie
Gardner, James E.
Tuffen, Hugh
author_sort Wadsworth, Fabian B.
collection PubMed
description Silicic volcanic activity has long been framed as either violently explosive or gently effusive. However, recent observations demonstrate that explosive and effusive behavior can occur simultaneously. Here, we propose that rhyolitic magma feeding subaerial eruptions generally fragments during ascent through the upper crust and that effusive eruptions result from conduit blockage and sintering of the pyroclastic products of deeper cryptic fragmentation. Our proposal is supported by (i) rhyolitic lavas are volatile depleted; (ii) textural evidence supports a pyroclastic origin for effusive products; (iii) numerical models show that small ash particles ≲10(−5) m can diffusively degas, stick, and sinter to low porosity, in the time available between fragmentation and the surface; and (iv) inferred ascent rates from both explosive and apparently effusive eruptions can overlap. Our model reconciles previously paradoxical observations and offers a new framework in which to evaluate physical, numerical, and geochemical models of Earth’s most violent volcanic eruptions.
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spelling pubmed-75318742020-10-13 Explosive-effusive volcanic eruption transitions caused by sintering Wadsworth, Fabian B. Llewellin, Edward W. Vasseur, Jérémie Gardner, James E. Tuffen, Hugh Sci Adv Research Articles Silicic volcanic activity has long been framed as either violently explosive or gently effusive. However, recent observations demonstrate that explosive and effusive behavior can occur simultaneously. Here, we propose that rhyolitic magma feeding subaerial eruptions generally fragments during ascent through the upper crust and that effusive eruptions result from conduit blockage and sintering of the pyroclastic products of deeper cryptic fragmentation. Our proposal is supported by (i) rhyolitic lavas are volatile depleted; (ii) textural evidence supports a pyroclastic origin for effusive products; (iii) numerical models show that small ash particles ≲10(−5) m can diffusively degas, stick, and sinter to low porosity, in the time available between fragmentation and the surface; and (iv) inferred ascent rates from both explosive and apparently effusive eruptions can overlap. Our model reconciles previously paradoxical observations and offers a new framework in which to evaluate physical, numerical, and geochemical models of Earth’s most violent volcanic eruptions. American Association for the Advancement of Science 2020-09-23 /pmc/articles/PMC7531874/ /pubmed/32967820 http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba7940 Text en Copyright © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) , which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Articles
Wadsworth, Fabian B.
Llewellin, Edward W.
Vasseur, Jérémie
Gardner, James E.
Tuffen, Hugh
Explosive-effusive volcanic eruption transitions caused by sintering
title Explosive-effusive volcanic eruption transitions caused by sintering
title_full Explosive-effusive volcanic eruption transitions caused by sintering
title_fullStr Explosive-effusive volcanic eruption transitions caused by sintering
title_full_unstemmed Explosive-effusive volcanic eruption transitions caused by sintering
title_short Explosive-effusive volcanic eruption transitions caused by sintering
title_sort explosive-effusive volcanic eruption transitions caused by sintering
topic Research Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7531874/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32967820
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba7940
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