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Reconstruction of the birth of a male sex chromosome present in Atlantic herring
The mechanisms underlying sex determination are astonishingly plastic. Particularly the triggers for the molecular machinery, which recalls either the male or female developmental program, are highly variable and have evolved independently and repeatedly. Fish show a huge variety of sex determinatio...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
National Academy of Sciences
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7533707/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32938798 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2009925117 |
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author | Rafati, Nima Chen, Junfeng Herpin, Amaury Pettersson, Mats E. Han, Fan Feng, Chungang Wallerman, Ola Rubin, Carl-Johan Péron, Sandrine Cocco, Arianna Larsson, Mårten Trötschel, Christian Poetsch, Ansgar Korsching, Kai Bönigk, Wolfgang Körschen, Heinz G. Berg, Florian Folkvord, Arild Kaupp, U. Benjamin Schartl, Manfred Andersson, Leif |
author_facet | Rafati, Nima Chen, Junfeng Herpin, Amaury Pettersson, Mats E. Han, Fan Feng, Chungang Wallerman, Ola Rubin, Carl-Johan Péron, Sandrine Cocco, Arianna Larsson, Mårten Trötschel, Christian Poetsch, Ansgar Korsching, Kai Bönigk, Wolfgang Körschen, Heinz G. Berg, Florian Folkvord, Arild Kaupp, U. Benjamin Schartl, Manfred Andersson, Leif |
author_sort | Rafati, Nima |
collection | PubMed |
description | The mechanisms underlying sex determination are astonishingly plastic. Particularly the triggers for the molecular machinery, which recalls either the male or female developmental program, are highly variable and have evolved independently and repeatedly. Fish show a huge variety of sex determination systems, including both genetic and environmental triggers. The advent of sex chromosomes is assumed to stabilize genetic sex determination. However, because sex chromosomes are notoriously cluttered with repetitive DNA and pseudogenes, the study of their evolution is hampered. Here we reconstruct the birth of a Y chromosome present in the Atlantic herring. The region is tiny (230 kb) and contains only three intact genes. The candidate male-determining gene BMPR1BBY encodes a truncated form of a BMP1B receptor, which originated by gene duplication and translocation and underwent rapid protein evolution. BMPR1BBY phosphorylates SMADs in the absence of ligand and thus has the potential to induce testis formation. The Y region also contains two genes encoding subunits of the sperm-specific Ca(2+) channel CatSper required for male fertility. The herring Y chromosome conforms with a characteristic feature of many sex chromosomes, namely, suppressed recombination between a sex-determining factor and genes that are beneficial for the given sex. However, the herring Y differs from other sex chromosomes in that suppression of recombination is restricted to an ∼500-kb region harboring the male-specific and sex-associated regions. As a consequence, any degeneration on the herring Y chromosome is restricted to those genes located in the small region affected by suppressed recombination. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7533707 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | National Academy of Sciences |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75337072020-10-13 Reconstruction of the birth of a male sex chromosome present in Atlantic herring Rafati, Nima Chen, Junfeng Herpin, Amaury Pettersson, Mats E. Han, Fan Feng, Chungang Wallerman, Ola Rubin, Carl-Johan Péron, Sandrine Cocco, Arianna Larsson, Mårten Trötschel, Christian Poetsch, Ansgar Korsching, Kai Bönigk, Wolfgang Körschen, Heinz G. Berg, Florian Folkvord, Arild Kaupp, U. Benjamin Schartl, Manfred Andersson, Leif Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Biological Sciences The mechanisms underlying sex determination are astonishingly plastic. Particularly the triggers for the molecular machinery, which recalls either the male or female developmental program, are highly variable and have evolved independently and repeatedly. Fish show a huge variety of sex determination systems, including both genetic and environmental triggers. The advent of sex chromosomes is assumed to stabilize genetic sex determination. However, because sex chromosomes are notoriously cluttered with repetitive DNA and pseudogenes, the study of their evolution is hampered. Here we reconstruct the birth of a Y chromosome present in the Atlantic herring. The region is tiny (230 kb) and contains only three intact genes. The candidate male-determining gene BMPR1BBY encodes a truncated form of a BMP1B receptor, which originated by gene duplication and translocation and underwent rapid protein evolution. BMPR1BBY phosphorylates SMADs in the absence of ligand and thus has the potential to induce testis formation. The Y region also contains two genes encoding subunits of the sperm-specific Ca(2+) channel CatSper required for male fertility. The herring Y chromosome conforms with a characteristic feature of many sex chromosomes, namely, suppressed recombination between a sex-determining factor and genes that are beneficial for the given sex. However, the herring Y differs from other sex chromosomes in that suppression of recombination is restricted to an ∼500-kb region harboring the male-specific and sex-associated regions. As a consequence, any degeneration on the herring Y chromosome is restricted to those genes located in the small region affected by suppressed recombination. National Academy of Sciences 2020-09-29 2020-09-16 /pmc/articles/PMC7533707/ /pubmed/32938798 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2009925117 Text en Copyright © 2020 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Biological Sciences Rafati, Nima Chen, Junfeng Herpin, Amaury Pettersson, Mats E. Han, Fan Feng, Chungang Wallerman, Ola Rubin, Carl-Johan Péron, Sandrine Cocco, Arianna Larsson, Mårten Trötschel, Christian Poetsch, Ansgar Korsching, Kai Bönigk, Wolfgang Körschen, Heinz G. Berg, Florian Folkvord, Arild Kaupp, U. Benjamin Schartl, Manfred Andersson, Leif Reconstruction of the birth of a male sex chromosome present in Atlantic herring |
title | Reconstruction of the birth of a male sex chromosome present in Atlantic herring |
title_full | Reconstruction of the birth of a male sex chromosome present in Atlantic herring |
title_fullStr | Reconstruction of the birth of a male sex chromosome present in Atlantic herring |
title_full_unstemmed | Reconstruction of the birth of a male sex chromosome present in Atlantic herring |
title_short | Reconstruction of the birth of a male sex chromosome present in Atlantic herring |
title_sort | reconstruction of the birth of a male sex chromosome present in atlantic herring |
topic | Biological Sciences |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7533707/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32938798 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2009925117 |
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