Quality and Specific Concerns of Clinical Guidelines for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine: A Critical Appraisal

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the methodological quality of clinical guidelines (CGs) for integrated Chinese and Western medicine (ICWM) to inform clinical practice and guideline development. METHODS: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, VIP, five guideline databases, and four online book malls to identify ICWM CGs published up to January 11, 2019. Four independent appraisers assessed the quality of CGs using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument and evaluated six specific concerns for ICWM. The standardized scores were calculated for the individual AGREE II domains. RESULTS: Sixty-two ICWM CGs were included. The median standardized scores in the six domains of AGREE II were 65% in scope and purpose, 46% in clarity of presentation, 26% in applicability, 24% in stakeholder involvement, 15% in rigor of development, and 0% in editorial independence. The quality of ICWM CGs was significantly associated with the publication year (higher quality for CGs published after 2014) and the development method (higher quality for evidence-based CGs). Only one ICWM CG obtained a direct recommendation for use, and 14 could be recommended for use after modifications. The intra-appraiser consistency of the AGREE II appraisal was good (mean intraclass correlation coefficient range, 0.813–0.998). ICWM CGs also lacked a systematic search of ancient traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) classics (40.3%), conversion of TCM recommendations from ancient Chinese to the vernacular (14.5%), a discussion of interactions between TCM and Western medicine (27.4%), and rankings of different ICWM choices (0%). CONCLUSIONS: Although an improvement after 2014 occurred, the current 64 ICWM CGs are generally of poor methodological quality. Only 15 ICWM CGs can be recommended for use directly or with modifications. As the key distinctions from Western/Chinese medicine CGs, the ICWM-specific recommendations are also insufficient for the ICWM CGs, especially for interactions between TCM and Western medicine and rankings of different ICWM choices. Study Registration. This study has been registered at PROSPERO (no. CRD42018095767).