Higher-order clinical risk factor interaction analysis for overall mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In Taiwan, approximately 90% of patients with end-stage renal disease receive maintenance hemodialysis. Although studies have reported the survival predictability of multiclinical factors, the higher-order interactions among these factors have rarely been discussed. Conventional statistical approaches such as regression analysis are inadequate for detecting higher-order interactions. Therefore, this study integrated receiver operating characteristic, logistic regression, and balancing functions for adjusting the ratio in risk classes and classification errors for imbalanced cases and controls using multifactor-dimensionality reduction (MDR-ER) analyses to examine the impact of interaction effects between multiclinical factors on overall mortality in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. METERIALS AND METHODS: In total, 781 patients who received outpatient hemodialysis dialysis three times per week before 1 January 2009 were included; their baseline clinical factor and mortality outcome data were retrospectively collected using an approved data protocol (201800595B0). RESULTS: Consistent with conventional statistical approaches, the higher-order interaction model could indicate the impact of potential risk combination unique to patients on maintenance hemodialysis on the survival outcome, as described previously. Moreover, the MDR-based higher-order interaction model facilitated higher-order interaction effect detection among multiclinical factors and could determine more detailed mortality risk characteristics combinations. CONCLUSION: Therefore, higher-order clinical risk interaction analysis is a reasonable strategy for detecting non-traditional risk factor interaction effects on survival outcome unique to patients on maintenance hemodialysis and thus clinically achieving whole-scale patient care.