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Rapid Birth or Death of Centromeres on Fragmented Chromosomes in Maize

Comparative genomics has revealed common occurrences in karyotype evolution such as chromosomal end-to-end fusions and insertions of one chromosome into another near the centromere, as well as many cases of de novo centromeres that generate positional polymorphisms. However, how rearrangements such...

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Autores principales: Liu, Yalin, Su, Handong, Zhang, Jing, Shi, Lindan, Liu, Yang, Zhang, Bing, Bai, Han, Liang, Shuang, Gao, Zhi, Birchler, James A., Han, Fangpu
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Society of Plant Biologists 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7534475/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32817254
http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.20.00389
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author Liu, Yalin
Su, Handong
Zhang, Jing
Shi, Lindan
Liu, Yang
Zhang, Bing
Bai, Han
Liang, Shuang
Gao, Zhi
Birchler, James A.
Han, Fangpu
author_facet Liu, Yalin
Su, Handong
Zhang, Jing
Shi, Lindan
Liu, Yang
Zhang, Bing
Bai, Han
Liang, Shuang
Gao, Zhi
Birchler, James A.
Han, Fangpu
author_sort Liu, Yalin
collection PubMed
description Comparative genomics has revealed common occurrences in karyotype evolution such as chromosomal end-to-end fusions and insertions of one chromosome into another near the centromere, as well as many cases of de novo centromeres that generate positional polymorphisms. However, how rearrangements such as dicentrics and acentrics persist without being destroyed or lost remains unclear. Here, we sought experimental evidence for the frequency and timeframe for inactivation and de novo formation of centromeres in maize (Zea mays). The pollen from plants with supernumerary B chromosomes was gamma-irradiated and then applied to normal maize silks of a line without B chromosomes. In ∼8,000 first-generation seedlings, we found many B–A translocations, centromere expansions, and ring chromosomes. We also found many dicentric chromosomes, but a fraction of these show only a single primary constriction, which suggests inactivation of one centromere. Chromosomal fragments were found without canonical centromere sequences, revealing de novo centromere formation over unique sequences; these were validated by immunolocalization with Thr133-phosphorylated histone H2A, a marker of active centromeres, and chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing with the CENH3 antibody. These results illustrate the regular occurrence of centromere birth and death after chromosomal rearrangement during a narrow window of one to potentially only a few cell cycles for the rearranged chromosomes to be recognized in this experimental regime.
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spelling pubmed-75344752020-10-08 Rapid Birth or Death of Centromeres on Fragmented Chromosomes in Maize Liu, Yalin Su, Handong Zhang, Jing Shi, Lindan Liu, Yang Zhang, Bing Bai, Han Liang, Shuang Gao, Zhi Birchler, James A. Han, Fangpu Plant Cell Research Articles Comparative genomics has revealed common occurrences in karyotype evolution such as chromosomal end-to-end fusions and insertions of one chromosome into another near the centromere, as well as many cases of de novo centromeres that generate positional polymorphisms. However, how rearrangements such as dicentrics and acentrics persist without being destroyed or lost remains unclear. Here, we sought experimental evidence for the frequency and timeframe for inactivation and de novo formation of centromeres in maize (Zea mays). The pollen from plants with supernumerary B chromosomes was gamma-irradiated and then applied to normal maize silks of a line without B chromosomes. In ∼8,000 first-generation seedlings, we found many B–A translocations, centromere expansions, and ring chromosomes. We also found many dicentric chromosomes, but a fraction of these show only a single primary constriction, which suggests inactivation of one centromere. Chromosomal fragments were found without canonical centromere sequences, revealing de novo centromere formation over unique sequences; these were validated by immunolocalization with Thr133-phosphorylated histone H2A, a marker of active centromeres, and chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing with the CENH3 antibody. These results illustrate the regular occurrence of centromere birth and death after chromosomal rearrangement during a narrow window of one to potentially only a few cell cycles for the rearranged chromosomes to be recognized in this experimental regime. American Society of Plant Biologists 2020-10 2020-08-18 /pmc/articles/PMC7534475/ /pubmed/32817254 http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.20.00389 Text en © 2020 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Articles
Liu, Yalin
Su, Handong
Zhang, Jing
Shi, Lindan
Liu, Yang
Zhang, Bing
Bai, Han
Liang, Shuang
Gao, Zhi
Birchler, James A.
Han, Fangpu
Rapid Birth or Death of Centromeres on Fragmented Chromosomes in Maize
title Rapid Birth or Death of Centromeres on Fragmented Chromosomes in Maize
title_full Rapid Birth or Death of Centromeres on Fragmented Chromosomes in Maize
title_fullStr Rapid Birth or Death of Centromeres on Fragmented Chromosomes in Maize
title_full_unstemmed Rapid Birth or Death of Centromeres on Fragmented Chromosomes in Maize
title_short Rapid Birth or Death of Centromeres on Fragmented Chromosomes in Maize
title_sort rapid birth or death of centromeres on fragmented chromosomes in maize
topic Research Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7534475/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32817254
http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.20.00389
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