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The prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency in Indonesian infants at birth and six months of age
BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency in infants has been associated with an increased risk of a number of diseases but there are limited data on the prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency from tropical settings with high infant morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7535980/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33017838 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239603 |
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author | Oktaria, Vicka Graham, Stephen M. Triasih, Rina Soenarto, Yati Bines, Julie E. Ponsonby, Anne-Louise Clarke, Michael W. Dinari, Rizka Nirwati, Hera Danchin, Margaret |
author_facet | Oktaria, Vicka Graham, Stephen M. Triasih, Rina Soenarto, Yati Bines, Julie E. Ponsonby, Anne-Louise Clarke, Michael W. Dinari, Rizka Nirwati, Hera Danchin, Margaret |
author_sort | Oktaria, Vicka |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency in infants has been associated with an increased risk of a number of diseases but there are limited data on the prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency from tropical settings with high infant morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency in infants at birth and at six months of age in Yogyakarta province, Indonesia. DESIGN: Serum vitamin D of eligible infants was measured in cord blood at birth and at six months of age. Factors associated with vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D <50 nmol/L) were collected prospectively monthly from birth and concentrations measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Independent risk factors were identified by multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Between December 2015 to December 2017, 350 maternal-newborn participants were recruited and followed up. Vitamin D deficiency was detected in 90% (308/344) of cord blood samples and 13% (33/255) of venous blood samples at six months. Longer time outdoors (≥2 hours per day) and maternal multivitamin intake containing vitamin D during pregnancy were protective against vitamin D deficiency at birth (AOR: 0.10, 95% CI: 0.01–0.90 and AOR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.06–0.68, respectively). Risk factors for vitamin D deficiency at six months included lower cumulative skin-sun exposure score (AOR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.04–1.20), severe vitamin D deficiency at birth (AOR: 7.73, 95% CI: 1.20–49.60) and exclusive breastfeeding (AOR: 2.64, 95% CI: 1.07–6.49) until six months. Among exclusively breast fed (EBF) infants, a higher skin-sun exposure score was associated with reduced vitamin D deficiency risk. CONCLUSION: In equatorial regions, the role of ‘safe’ morning sun exposure in infants and mothers in populations with medium to dark brown skin pigmentation and effective interventions to prevent vitamin D deficiency in newborns and EBF infants, need further consideration and evaluation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7535980 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75359802020-10-15 The prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency in Indonesian infants at birth and six months of age Oktaria, Vicka Graham, Stephen M. Triasih, Rina Soenarto, Yati Bines, Julie E. Ponsonby, Anne-Louise Clarke, Michael W. Dinari, Rizka Nirwati, Hera Danchin, Margaret PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency in infants has been associated with an increased risk of a number of diseases but there are limited data on the prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency from tropical settings with high infant morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency in infants at birth and at six months of age in Yogyakarta province, Indonesia. DESIGN: Serum vitamin D of eligible infants was measured in cord blood at birth and at six months of age. Factors associated with vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D <50 nmol/L) were collected prospectively monthly from birth and concentrations measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Independent risk factors were identified by multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Between December 2015 to December 2017, 350 maternal-newborn participants were recruited and followed up. Vitamin D deficiency was detected in 90% (308/344) of cord blood samples and 13% (33/255) of venous blood samples at six months. Longer time outdoors (≥2 hours per day) and maternal multivitamin intake containing vitamin D during pregnancy were protective against vitamin D deficiency at birth (AOR: 0.10, 95% CI: 0.01–0.90 and AOR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.06–0.68, respectively). Risk factors for vitamin D deficiency at six months included lower cumulative skin-sun exposure score (AOR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.04–1.20), severe vitamin D deficiency at birth (AOR: 7.73, 95% CI: 1.20–49.60) and exclusive breastfeeding (AOR: 2.64, 95% CI: 1.07–6.49) until six months. Among exclusively breast fed (EBF) infants, a higher skin-sun exposure score was associated with reduced vitamin D deficiency risk. CONCLUSION: In equatorial regions, the role of ‘safe’ morning sun exposure in infants and mothers in populations with medium to dark brown skin pigmentation and effective interventions to prevent vitamin D deficiency in newborns and EBF infants, need further consideration and evaluation. Public Library of Science 2020-10-05 /pmc/articles/PMC7535980/ /pubmed/33017838 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239603 Text en © 2020 Oktaria et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Oktaria, Vicka Graham, Stephen M. Triasih, Rina Soenarto, Yati Bines, Julie E. Ponsonby, Anne-Louise Clarke, Michael W. Dinari, Rizka Nirwati, Hera Danchin, Margaret The prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency in Indonesian infants at birth and six months of age |
title | The prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency in Indonesian infants at birth and six months of age |
title_full | The prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency in Indonesian infants at birth and six months of age |
title_fullStr | The prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency in Indonesian infants at birth and six months of age |
title_full_unstemmed | The prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency in Indonesian infants at birth and six months of age |
title_short | The prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency in Indonesian infants at birth and six months of age |
title_sort | prevalence and determinants of vitamin d deficiency in indonesian infants at birth and six months of age |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7535980/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33017838 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239603 |
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