Probiotics in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Are We Back to Square One?

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the alimentary tract whose incidence has been increasing over the past few years. Even though there is a complex interplay of several factors in the pathogenesis of IBD, a decrease in the diversity of intestinal microbiome is commonly found in patients. Extensive research is directed towards the alteration of this microbiome to improve the symptoms of IBD. Probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, and diet are studied in this regard extensively. Among them, probiotics have gained more interest as some of the studies showed them to be effective in decreasing gut inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Although there is no cure for IBD as of today, the available medications do decrease gut inflammation and help prolong remission and decrease relapse rates. But their side effects preclude their long-term use. Probiotics may be a ray of hope among IBD patients as they are apparently safe. This article reviews each of the available literature from the past 10 years to see if there is any certain role of probiotics in induction, maintenance of remission, prevention of relapse, and improvement in the quality of life in IBD patients.