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Distribution of fungi and their toxic metabolites in melon and sesame seeds marketed in two major producing states in Nigeria
In this study, melon (n = 60) and sesame (n = 60) seeds purchased from markets within Benue and Nasarawa states, respectively, in Nigeria, during two seasons (dry and wet), were analysed for fungal and mycotoxin contamination in order to determine the safety of these foods for human consumption. Mol...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7536151/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32666399 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12550-020-00400-0 |
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author | Esan, Adetoun O. Fapohunda, Stephen O. Ezekiel, Chibundu N. Sulyok, Michael Krska, Rudolf |
author_facet | Esan, Adetoun O. Fapohunda, Stephen O. Ezekiel, Chibundu N. Sulyok, Michael Krska, Rudolf |
author_sort | Esan, Adetoun O. |
collection | PubMed |
description | In this study, melon (n = 60) and sesame (n = 60) seeds purchased from markets within Benue and Nasarawa states, respectively, in Nigeria, during two seasons (dry and wet), were analysed for fungal and mycotoxin contamination in order to determine the safety of these foods for human consumption. Molecular analysis revealed the following seven fungal taxonomic groups in the foods: Aspergillus section Candidi, Aspergillus section Flavi, Aspergillus section Nigri, Cladosporium, Fusarium fujikuroi species group, Penicillium, and Pleosporales/Didymellaceae. A total of 78 microbial metabolites, including several mycotoxins, occurred in the foods. The most frequent mycotoxins in melon and sesame were aflatoxin B(1) (occurrence: 76%) and alternariol monomethyl ether (occurrence: 59%), respectively. However, higher mean total aflatoxin levels occurred in sesame (17 μg kg(−1)) than in melon (11 μg kg(−1)). About 28 and 5% of melon and sesame, respectively, exceeded the 4 μg kg(−1) total aflatoxin limit for oilseeds intended for direct human consumption in the European Union. Additionally, fumonisin B(1) and moniliformin occurred only in sesame, whilst ochratoxins A and B occurred only in melon; ochratoxin B being reported for the first time in this food. Our data indicated seasonal variations in the fungal and mycotoxin contamination levels in both foods. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s12550-020-00400-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7536151 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-75361512020-10-19 Distribution of fungi and their toxic metabolites in melon and sesame seeds marketed in two major producing states in Nigeria Esan, Adetoun O. Fapohunda, Stephen O. Ezekiel, Chibundu N. Sulyok, Michael Krska, Rudolf Mycotoxin Res Original Article In this study, melon (n = 60) and sesame (n = 60) seeds purchased from markets within Benue and Nasarawa states, respectively, in Nigeria, during two seasons (dry and wet), were analysed for fungal and mycotoxin contamination in order to determine the safety of these foods for human consumption. Molecular analysis revealed the following seven fungal taxonomic groups in the foods: Aspergillus section Candidi, Aspergillus section Flavi, Aspergillus section Nigri, Cladosporium, Fusarium fujikuroi species group, Penicillium, and Pleosporales/Didymellaceae. A total of 78 microbial metabolites, including several mycotoxins, occurred in the foods. The most frequent mycotoxins in melon and sesame were aflatoxin B(1) (occurrence: 76%) and alternariol monomethyl ether (occurrence: 59%), respectively. However, higher mean total aflatoxin levels occurred in sesame (17 μg kg(−1)) than in melon (11 μg kg(−1)). About 28 and 5% of melon and sesame, respectively, exceeded the 4 μg kg(−1) total aflatoxin limit for oilseeds intended for direct human consumption in the European Union. Additionally, fumonisin B(1) and moniliformin occurred only in sesame, whilst ochratoxins A and B occurred only in melon; ochratoxin B being reported for the first time in this food. Our data indicated seasonal variations in the fungal and mycotoxin contamination levels in both foods. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s12550-020-00400-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2020-07-14 2020 /pmc/articles/PMC7536151/ /pubmed/32666399 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12550-020-00400-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Esan, Adetoun O. Fapohunda, Stephen O. Ezekiel, Chibundu N. Sulyok, Michael Krska, Rudolf Distribution of fungi and their toxic metabolites in melon and sesame seeds marketed in two major producing states in Nigeria |
title | Distribution of fungi and their toxic metabolites in melon and sesame seeds marketed in two major producing states in Nigeria |
title_full | Distribution of fungi and their toxic metabolites in melon and sesame seeds marketed in two major producing states in Nigeria |
title_fullStr | Distribution of fungi and their toxic metabolites in melon and sesame seeds marketed in two major producing states in Nigeria |
title_full_unstemmed | Distribution of fungi and their toxic metabolites in melon and sesame seeds marketed in two major producing states in Nigeria |
title_short | Distribution of fungi and their toxic metabolites in melon and sesame seeds marketed in two major producing states in Nigeria |
title_sort | distribution of fungi and their toxic metabolites in melon and sesame seeds marketed in two major producing states in nigeria |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7536151/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32666399 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12550-020-00400-0 |
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