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Immunopathology of galectin-3: an increasingly promising target in COVID-19

The pandemic brought on by the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) has become a global health crisis, with over 22 million confirmed cases and 777,000 fatalities due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reported worldwide. The major cause of fatality in infected...

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Autores principales: Caniglia, John L., Asuthkar, Swapna, Tsung, Andrew J., Guda, Maheedhara R., Velpula, Kiran K.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: F1000 Research Limited 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7536583/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33082935
http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.25979.2
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author Caniglia, John L.
Asuthkar, Swapna
Tsung, Andrew J.
Guda, Maheedhara R.
Velpula, Kiran K.
author_facet Caniglia, John L.
Asuthkar, Swapna
Tsung, Andrew J.
Guda, Maheedhara R.
Velpula, Kiran K.
author_sort Caniglia, John L.
collection PubMed
description The pandemic brought on by the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) has become a global health crisis, with over 22 million confirmed cases and 777,000 fatalities due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reported worldwide. The major cause of fatality in infected patients, now referred to as the “Cytokine Storm Syndrome” (CSS), is a direct result of aberrant immune activation following SARS-CoV2 infection and results in excess release of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and IL-6, by macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells. Single cell analysis has also shown significantly elevated levels of galectin 3 (Gal-3) in macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells in patients with severe COVID-19 as compared to mild disease. Inhibition of Gal-3 reduces the release of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α from macrophages in vitro, and as such may hold promise in reducing the incidence of CSS. In addition, Gal-3 inhibition shows promise in reducing transforming growth factor ß (TGF-ß) mediated pulmonary fibrosis, likely to be a major consequence in survivors of severe COVID-19. Finally, a key domain in the spike protein of SARS-CoV2 has been shown to bind N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), a process that may be essential to cell entry by the virus. This Neu5Ac-binding domain shares striking morphological, sequence, and functional similarities with human Gal-3. Here we provide an updated review of the literature linking Gal-3 to COVID-19 pathogenesis. Dually targeting galectins and the Neu5Ac-binding domain of SARS-CoV2 shows tentative promise in several stages of the disease: preventing viral entry, modulating the host immune response, and reducing the post-infectious incidence of pulmonary fibrosis.
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spelling pubmed-75365832020-10-19 Immunopathology of galectin-3: an increasingly promising target in COVID-19 Caniglia, John L. Asuthkar, Swapna Tsung, Andrew J. Guda, Maheedhara R. Velpula, Kiran K. F1000Res Review The pandemic brought on by the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) has become a global health crisis, with over 22 million confirmed cases and 777,000 fatalities due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reported worldwide. The major cause of fatality in infected patients, now referred to as the “Cytokine Storm Syndrome” (CSS), is a direct result of aberrant immune activation following SARS-CoV2 infection and results in excess release of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and IL-6, by macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells. Single cell analysis has also shown significantly elevated levels of galectin 3 (Gal-3) in macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells in patients with severe COVID-19 as compared to mild disease. Inhibition of Gal-3 reduces the release of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α from macrophages in vitro, and as such may hold promise in reducing the incidence of CSS. In addition, Gal-3 inhibition shows promise in reducing transforming growth factor ß (TGF-ß) mediated pulmonary fibrosis, likely to be a major consequence in survivors of severe COVID-19. Finally, a key domain in the spike protein of SARS-CoV2 has been shown to bind N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), a process that may be essential to cell entry by the virus. This Neu5Ac-binding domain shares striking morphological, sequence, and functional similarities with human Gal-3. Here we provide an updated review of the literature linking Gal-3 to COVID-19 pathogenesis. Dually targeting galectins and the Neu5Ac-binding domain of SARS-CoV2 shows tentative promise in several stages of the disease: preventing viral entry, modulating the host immune response, and reducing the post-infectious incidence of pulmonary fibrosis. F1000 Research Limited 2020-09-28 /pmc/articles/PMC7536583/ /pubmed/33082935 http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.25979.2 Text en Copyright: © 2020 Caniglia JL et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review
Caniglia, John L.
Asuthkar, Swapna
Tsung, Andrew J.
Guda, Maheedhara R.
Velpula, Kiran K.
Immunopathology of galectin-3: an increasingly promising target in COVID-19
title Immunopathology of galectin-3: an increasingly promising target in COVID-19
title_full Immunopathology of galectin-3: an increasingly promising target in COVID-19
title_fullStr Immunopathology of galectin-3: an increasingly promising target in COVID-19
title_full_unstemmed Immunopathology of galectin-3: an increasingly promising target in COVID-19
title_short Immunopathology of galectin-3: an increasingly promising target in COVID-19
title_sort immunopathology of galectin-3: an increasingly promising target in covid-19
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7536583/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33082935
http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.25979.2
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